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A vaccine contains


A) penicillin.
B) horse serum.
C) antigens that are no longer virulent.
D) antibodies made by plasma cells.
E) antibiotics against a particular bacterial strain.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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List the steps involved with the production of monoclonal antibodies.

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Immunized cells are derived from a donor...

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Anaphylactic shock may occur due to


A) exposure to the AIDS virus.
B) a bee sting.
C) organ donation.
D) use of interferon.
E) antihistamines.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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If we inject three different antigens into a human at the same time,


A) one plasma cell will produce three different antibodies.
B) plasma cells will produce three times the amount of one antibody.
C) at least three different plasma cells will be involved in antibody production since each plasma cell only produces one specific antibody.
D) three different immunoglobulins will assist one plasma cell in responding to the antigen.
E) three complement plasma proteins will assist one plasma cell in responding to the antigen.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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What are the two most common applications of cytokine therapies?


A) stimulation of blood cells and treatment of cancer
B) stimulation of blood cells and treatment of HIV
C) treatment of cancer and HIV
D) production of antibodies
E) providing immunization against various diseases

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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Which statement is NOT true in regards to the inflammatory reaction?


A) The skin becomes reddened and swollen.
B) Swelling initiates pain nerve impulses.
C) Increased capillary permeability causes more proteins and fluids to escape.
D) Neutrophils phagocytize bacteria in the wound.
E) Neutrophils change into macrophages that act as scavengers.

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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Which type of T cell improves the immune response?


A) helper T cell
B) suppressor T cell
C) cytotoxic T cell
D) memory T cell
E) IgT cell

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

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During surgery for breast cancer,surgeons will often remove lymph nodes in the armpit.What is the most likely reason for this?


A) If any cancer cells have entered the lymph,they will travel to the closest lymph nodes,which are in the armpit.
B) Lymph nodes in the armpit are responsible for breast cancer.
C) Lymph nodes that are close to the surgical incision would prevent healing following the surgery.
D) Lymph nodes in the armpit become useless because of the surgery and can be removed without problem.
E) Lymph nodes do not help a person and are better removed before they become infected.

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

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Which type of T cell has a TCR that can recognize an antigen fragment presented by antigen-presenting cells with MHC class II proteins?


A) helper T cells
B) cytotoxic T cells
C) major histocompatibility complex
D) B cells
E) monocytes

F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

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What is the originator cell for monoclonal antibodies?


A) B cells
B) T cells
C) red blood cells
D) white blood cells
E) macrophages

F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Which protein forms pores in bacterial cell membranes?


A) interferon
B) cytokines
C) histamine
D) complement
E) thrombin

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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The larger lymphatic vessels are most similar in structure to


A) arteries.
B) cardiovascular veins.
C) capillaries.
D) intestinal villi.
E) nephron.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Which of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease?


A) multiple sclerosis
B) systemic lupus
C) rheumatoid arthritis
D) inflammation
E) type I diabetes

F) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Which of the following lymphoid organs is largest during a person's childhood but shrinks in adulthood?


A) tonsils
B) lymph nodes
C) spleen
D) bone marrow
E) thymus

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Earlier in the history of Western medicine,surgeons did not know the immune function of the thymus gland and it was sometimes removed in children.What symptoms would you now predict these patients might display afterward?


A) increased inflammatory and allergic responses to foreign material including viruses
B) reduced ability to recognize foreign material and distinguish it from body proteins
C) serious problems after receiving blood transfusions of any type of blood
D) complete rejection of all normal body tissues
E) failure to produce any white blood cells

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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