Question 1

During the first emergence of life,the atmosphere was ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   high in oxygen, high in carbon dioxide
B)   high in hydrogen, low in oxygen
C)   changing from anaerobic to aerobic
D)   aerobic
E)   high in oxygen, low in carbon dioxideF) None of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 2

-The spark discharge in the accompanying figure represents ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   sunlight energy in the environment.
B)   heat energy in the environment.
C)   electrical energy in the environment.
D)   ionizing radiation in the environment.
E)   the explosion of the hydrogen gas to release energy for the reactions.F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 3

Which of the following posits that the metabolic reactions that led to the first cells took place on the porous surface of iron-sulfide-rich rocks at hydrothermal vents?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hydrothermal vent hypothesis
B)   Iron-sulfur world hypothesis
C)   RNA world hypothesis
D)   Ribozyme hypothesis
E)   Protoevolutionary hypothesisF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 4

Which of the following is the only bacteria to photosynthesize by a pathway that produces oxygen as a by-product?

Accepted Answer

A)   Eukaryotic bacteria
B)   Aerobic bacteria
C)   Cyanobacteria
D)   Protocells
E)   ArcheansF) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 5

The ____ hypothesis states that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A)   invagination
B)   exosymbiont
C)   membrane folding
D)   captured bacteria
E)   endosymbiontF) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

Which is the first eon for which there is evidence of life?

Accepted Answer

A)   Archean eon
B)   Proterozoic eon
C)   Stromatolite eon
D)   Hadean eon
E)   Phanerozoic eonF) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 7

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term.
-hydrogen

Accepted Answer

A)  energy source of the first living organisms
B)  simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells
C)  have similar genes for energy metabolism to eukaryotes
D)  first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis
E)  store DNA wrapped around histones, like eukaryotesF) in eukaryotes, indicated by a mix of bacterial and archaeal traitsG) rocky structures containing fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteriaH) RNAs that function as enzymesI) all living organisms descended from this prokaryotic, anaerobic ancestral speciesJ) A) and C)
K) A) and B)

Question 8

Aerobic respiration became established as a result of the evolution of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   the first protocells
B)   the first true cells
C)   metabolism
D)   the nuclear envelope
E)   the oxygen-producing pathway of photosynthesisF) A) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 9

Chloroplasts ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   resemble photosynthetic bacteria
B)   utilize the same pigments regardless of what organism they are in
C)   apparently evolved from mitochondria
D)   utilize DNA derived from the nucleus
E)   are found in prokaryotesF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 10

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term.
-archaea

Accepted Answer

A)  a substance that occurs only or predominantly in cells of a specific type
B)  simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells
C)  have similar genes for energy metabolism to eukaryotes
D)  first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis
E)  store DNA wrapped around histones, like eukaryotesF) in eukaryotes, indicated by a mix of bacterial and archaeal traitsG) dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures also form) .H) RNAs that function as enzymesI) earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern groupJ) H) and I)
K) A) and B)

Question 11

The oldest proposed cell microfossils come from structures called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   stromatolites
B)   crystal filaments
C)   hydrothermal vents
D)   pyrite
E)   tectonic platesF) C) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 12

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term.
-ribozymes

Accepted Answer

A)  energy source of the first living organisms
B)  simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells
C)  have similar genes for energy metabolism to eukaryotes
D)  first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis
E)  store DNA wrapped around histones, like eukaryotesF) in eukaryotes, indicated by a mix of bacterial and archaeal traitsG) rocky structures containing fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteriaH) RNAs that function as enzymesI) all living organisms descended from this prokaryotic, anaerobic ancestral speciesJ) B) and F)
K) A) and I)

Question 13

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term.
-bacteria

Accepted Answer

A)  a substance that occurs only or predominantly in cells of a specific type
B)  simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells
C)  have similar genes for energy metabolism to eukaryotes
D)  first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis
E)  store DNA wrapped around histones, like eukaryotesF) in eukaryotes, indicated by a mix of bacterial and archaeal traitsG) dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures also form) .H) RNAs that function as enzymesI) earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern groupJ) C) and I)
K) A) and I)

Question 14

The "big bang" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   an event marking the beginning of the universe.
B)   the extinction of the dinosaurs.
C)   the inevitable end of the universe.
D)   the collision of the first galaxies forming the universe as it is today.
E)   the inevitable death of large stars.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

Proteins that speed metabolic reactions might have first formed when reactants began interacting inside tiny holes in rocks near deep-sea __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Proteins that speed metabolic reactions might have...

Question 16

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term.
-protocells

Accepted Answer

A)  energy source of the first living organisms
B)  simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells
C)  have similar genes for energy metabolism to eukaryotes
D)  first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis
E)  store DNA wrapped around histones, like eukaryotesF) in eukaryotes, indicated by a mix of bacterial and archaeal traitsG) rocky structures containing fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteriaH) RNAs that function as enzymesI) all living organisms descended from this prokaryotic, anaerobic ancestral speciesJ) A) and G)
K) A) and E)

Question 17

Membrane-like structures form when proteins or lipids are mixed with water.They serve as a model for __________,which may have preceded cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Membrane-like structures form when proteins or lipids...

Question 18

The hypothesis that RNA served as the genetic information of early life is called _________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   ribozyme evolution hypothesis
B)   RNA world hypothesis
C)   central dogma of molecular biology
D)   hydrothermal synthesis
E)   DNA transcription hypothesisF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 19

According to the __________,the universe formed about 13.7 billion years ago in an instant,with all matter and energy exploding outward.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the __________,the universe formed about...

Question 20

The evolution of biochemical molecules started on Earth ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   after the appearance of prokaryotic cells
B)   long before any cells emerged
C)   after the appearance of eukaryotic cells
D)   after the appearance of eukaryotic cells but before the appearance of multicellular organisms
E)   after the appearance of multicellular organismsF) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

Exam 19: Life's Origin and Early Evolution

The evolution of biochemical molecules started on Earth ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The "big bang" refers to

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Which of the following is the only bacteria to photosynthesize by a pathway that produces oxygen as a by-product?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the first emergence of life,the atmosphere was ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Proteins that speed metabolic reactions might have first formed when reactants began interacting inside tiny holes in rocks near deep-sea __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term. -ribozymes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hypothesis that RNA served as the genetic information of early life is called _________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the __________,the universe formed about 13.7 billion years ago in an instant,with all matter and energy exploding outward.

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The ____ hypothesis states that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from bacteria.

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Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term. -hydrogen

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Which is the first eon for which there is evidence of life?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Membrane-like structures form when proteins or lipids are mixed with water.They serve as a model for __________,which may have preceded cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following posits that the metabolic reactions that led to the first cells took place on the porous surface of iron-sulfide-rich rocks at hydrothermal vents?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aerobic respiration became established as a result of the evolution of ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-The spark discharge in the accompanying figure represents ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The oldest proposed cell microfossils come from structures called _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chloroplasts ____.

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Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term. -archaea

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Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term. -protocells

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Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term. -bacteria

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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