Question 1

Hypocalcemia stimulates __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in aldosterone production
B)  secretion of parathyroid hormone
C)  secretion of renin
D)  an increase in blood urea nitrogen
E)  vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriolesF) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 2

A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  two calyces and a renal pelvis
B)  one pyramid and the overlying cortex
C)  one major calyx and all of its minor calyces
D)  a renal medulla and two renal columns
E)  one collecting duct and all nephrons that drain into itF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 3

The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  perirenal fat capsule
B)  renal fascia
C)  hilum
D)  fibrous capsule
E)  renal medullaF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

Which of the following correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arcuate a. →\rarr→  interlobar a. →\rarr→  afferent arteriole  →\rarr→  interlobular a.
B)  Interlobar a. →\rarr→  interlobular a. →\rarr→  segmental a. →\rarr→  arcuate a.
C)  Segmental a. →\rarr→  interlobar a. →\rarr→  arcuate a. →\rarr→  interlobular a.
D)  Afferent arteriole  →\rarr→ interlobular a. →\rarr→  arcuate a. →\rarr→  interlobar a.
E)  Segmental a. →\rarr→  arcuate a. →\rarr→  interlobar a. →\rarr→  interlobular a. F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 5

In the nephron,the fluid that immediately precedes urine is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma
B)  glomerular filtrate
C)  tubular fluid
D)  renal filtrate
E)  medullary filtrateF) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 6

Loop diuretics reduce body water content by acting on the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  feedback loop between the kidney and posterior pituitary gland
B)  countercurrent multiplier system
C)  countercurrent exchanger system
D)  aquaporins of the collecting duct
E)  thirst mechanism and water intakeF) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 7

The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  body's water volume is high
B)  body's pH is low
C)  output of antidiuretic hormone is high
D)  output of natriuretic peptides is high
E)  person is lost and deprived of drinking waterF) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 8

Which of the following does not contribute to water conservation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The collecting duct
B)  The countercurrent multiplier
C)  The countercurrent exchange system
D)  Diuretics
E)  The length of the nephronsF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

The __________ muscle is located in the urinary bladder.

Accepted Answer

A)  detrusor
B)  distractor
C)  pubococcygeus
D)  corpus spongiosum
E)  corpus cavernosumF) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 10

The medial concavity of the kidney is called the __________,which admits the renal nerves,blood vessels,lymphatic vessels,and ureter.

Accepted Answer

A)  medulla
B)  corpuscle
C)  cortex
D)  hilum
E)  capsuleF) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 11

Which organ system does not excrete waste?

Accepted Answer

A)  The urinary system
B)  The cardiovascular system
C)  The integumentary system
D)  The digestive system
E)  The respiratory systemF) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following induces renin secretion,constricts afferent arterioles,and reduces GFR and urine volume?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aldosterone
B)  Antidiuretic hormone
C)  Parathyroid hormone
D)  Norepinephrine
E)  Angiotensin IIF) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 13

The average person has approximately __________ nephrons per kidney.

Accepted Answer

A)  1.2 million
B)  2.4 million
C)  3.6 million
D)  4.8 million
E)  5.6 millionF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

In a healthy kidney,very little __________ is filtered by the glomerulus.

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids
B)  electrolytes
C)  glucose
D)  vitamins
E)  proteinF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

Blood plasma is filtered in the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  renal tubule
B)  renal corpuscle
C)  renal capsule
D)  renal column
E)  renal calyxF) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 16

Prior to chemical tests for glycosuria,clinicians checked for sweetness of the urine as a sign of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  diabetes insipidus
B)  acute glomerulonephritis
C)  diabetes mellitus
D)  renal calculus
E)  pyelitisF) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 17

Ethyl (drinking)alcohol stimulates the secretion of ADH,thereby reducing reabsorption by the collecting duct.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Parathyroid hormone increases phosphate excretion by the proximal convoluted tubule as well as promotes synthesis of calcitriol.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The thick segment of the nephron loop is impermeable to water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Angiotensin-converting enzyme is found only in the kidneys and converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 23: The Urinary System

The thick segment of the nephron loop is impermeable to water.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hypocalcemia stimulates __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following induces renin secretion,constricts afferent arterioles,and reduces GFR and urine volume?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The average person has approximately __________ nephrons per kidney.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Parathyroid hormone increases phosphate excretion by the proximal convoluted tubule as well as promotes synthesis of calcitriol.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prior to chemical tests for glycosuria,clinicians checked for sweetness of the urine as a sign of __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ethyl (drinking)alcohol stimulates the secretion of ADH,thereby reducing reabsorption by the collecting duct.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a healthy kidney,very little __________ is filtered by the glomerulus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Loop diuretics reduce body water content by acting on the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Angiotensin-converting enzyme is found only in the kidneys and converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The __________ muscle is located in the urinary bladder.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does not contribute to water conservation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The medial concavity of the kidney is called the __________,which admits the renal nerves,blood vessels,lymphatic vessels,and ureter.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which organ system does not excrete waste?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the nephron,the fluid that immediately precedes urine is known as __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Blood plasma is filtered in the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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