Question 1

What is meant by neural Darwinism?

Accepted Answer

A)   The brains of higher primates are the ones that are most similar to those of humans.
B)   Most individual differences in the brain are due to genetic mutations.
C)   Successful neurons develop while less successful neurons weaken or die.
D)   Successful neurons reproduce while less successful neurons do not.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 2

If a person suffered injury to the right motor cortex that resulted in paralysis of the left arm and later showed some evidence of recovery of function, which of the following would be a likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Using the right arm more strengthened the left arm.
B)   The left motor cortex strengthened its control over the left arm.
C)   New neurons grew in place of the damaged ones.
D)   The left arm was deafferented.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

What is signaled by nerve growth factor (NGF) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   That a target cell has "accepted" an axon
B)   Which target cell a growing axon should connect with
C)   That axons should elongate as the body grows bigger
D)   The need for new neurons to form in brain areas that are lacking in neuronsE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Apoptosis is distinct from necrosis, which is death caused by an injury or a toxic substance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What is one impediment to regeneration of axons in the mammalian central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)   Inhibitory chemicals secreted by the damaged portion of the axon
B)   Bacterial infections caused by the decaying tissue
C)   Large amounts of scar tissue
D)   Inhibitory messages sent from the cell nucleus when an axon is damagedE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 6

The fluid-filled cavity within the neural tube becomes the central canal of the spinal cord and the four ventricles of the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The formation of a neuron's distinctive shape occurs during the ____ stage of neurogenesis.

Accepted Answer

A)   proliferation
B)   migration
C)   differentiation
D)   myelinationE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 8

What visual capabilities did Sperry's newt have after Sperry cut the optic nerve and rotated the eye?

Accepted Answer

A)   It regained normal vision.
B)   It saw the world upside down and backwards.
C)   It required experience to relearn how to see.
D)   It remained blind.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 9

After cells have differentiated as neurons or glia, they migrate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Define proliferation during neural development.

Accepted Answer

This is the production of new cells. Ear...

Question 11

Who is most likely to assess the abilities of someone who has recently had brain damage?

Accepted Answer

A)   Neurosurgeon
B)   Physical therapist
C)   Occupational therapist
D)   NeuropsychologistE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 12

The developing infant brain is highly resistant to damage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

An iodine deficiency in the diet can lead to an inadequate production of thyroid hormones. What is the result if this occurs in an infant or developing fetus?

Accepted Answer

A)   Down's syndrome
B)   mental retardation
C)   Tourette's syndrome
D)   accelerated body growthE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

Nerve growth factor is a chemical that promotes the survival and activity of neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Exercise may account for some of the neural benefits that come from rearing rats in an enriched environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following would most likely interfere with migration of neurons during development?

Accepted Answer

A)   altering the chemical paths
B)   damaging dendrites
C)   loss of myelin
D)   increased differentiationE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 17

____ helps compensate for decreased axon input.

Accepted Answer

A)   Axon supersensitivity
B)   Disuse supersensitivity
C)   Enervation supersensitivity
D)   Denervation supersensitivityE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Which of the following is not a cerebrovascular accident?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ischemia
B)   Hemorrhage
C)   Stroke
D)   PenumbraE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 19

Following a stroke, amphetamine could help by:

Accepted Answer

A)   inducing apoptosis.
B)   blocking activity in overstimulated areas of the brain.
C)   blocking glutamate release.
D)   increasing activity in understimulated areas of the brain.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Which of the following aspects of brain and neural functioning can be most clearly altered by experience?

Accepted Answer

A)   velocity of action potentials
B)   structure of dendrites and axons
C)   chemical constituents of the ventricles
D)   number of laminae in the cerebral cortexE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Exam 5: Development and Plasticity of the Brain

After cells have differentiated as neurons or glia, they migrate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

____ helps compensate for decreased axon input.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The developing infant brain is highly resistant to damage.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a cerebrovascular accident?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who is most likely to assess the abilities of someone who has recently had brain damage?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An iodine deficiency in the diet can lead to an inadequate production of thyroid hormones. What is the result if this occurs in an infant or developing fetus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is signaled by nerve growth factor (NGF) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following aspects of brain and neural functioning can be most clearly altered by experience?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fluid-filled cavity within the neural tube becomes the central canal of the spinal cord and the four ventricles of the brain.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Apoptosis is distinct from necrosis, which is death caused by an injury or a toxic substance.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What visual capabilities did Sperry's newt have after Sperry cut the optic nerve and rotated the eye?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Exercise may account for some of the neural benefits that come from rearing rats in an enriched environment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Define proliferation during neural development.

Correct AnswerverifiedThis is the production of new cells. Ear...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following would most likely interfere with migration of neurons during development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a person suffered injury to the right motor cortex that resulted in paralysis of the left arm and later showed some evidence of recovery of function, which of the following would be a likely explanation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nerve growth factor is a chemical that promotes the survival and activity of neurons.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is meant by neural Darwinism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is one impediment to regeneration of axons in the mammalian central nervous system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Following a stroke, amphetamine could help by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The formation of a neuron's distinctive shape occurs during the ____ stage of neurogenesis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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This is the production of new cells. Ear...
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