Question 1

Political structure,or the process by which laws become enacted:

Accepted Answer

A)  affects the outcome of policy.
B)  has no effect on policy created.
C)  is virtually the same everywhere.
D)  has one feature that is present in every government structure in existence.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Bureaucratic capture occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A)  lobbyist groups become so powerful that they essentially have a stranglehold on policymakers.
B)  professionals from one particular industry hold the majority of positions in one particular government office.
C)  industries become halted in their ability to continue operating due to over-regulation of the market.
D)  None of these is true.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Suppose everyone in a town votes that they prefer improved public transportation systems instead of public parks,then according to the criteria of ________________,that preference should not change even if a third option,like a public zoo,is included.

Accepted Answer

A)  Independence of irrelevant alternatives
B)  Transitivity
C)  No dictator
D)  UnanimityE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

First-past-the-post voting entails:

Accepted Answer

A)  one vote with many options,and the option with the most votes wins.
B)  a series of votes with two options;the winner of the first vote is paired with another option until all options have been voted on in pairs and there is one winner.
C)  voters ranking all available options and the option most approved of wins.
D)  None of these describes first-past-the-post voting.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

Many countries use a proportional-representation system,which means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  if a party gains a certain percentage of the popular vote,then they are awarded the same percentage of representative seats in the government.
B)  smaller parties can carve out niches and still have political influence.
C)  everyone's preference gets represented proportionately with everyone else's.
D)  All of these are true.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Arrow's impossibility theorem tells us:

Accepted Answer

A)  no voting system can aggregate the preferences of voters of three or more options while meeting all of the criteria for an ideal system.
B)  most voting systems meet the criteria for an ideal system,yet politicians cannot seem to change the way in which elections are held.
C)  political pressures will always corrupt a voting system,making none ideal.
D)  None of these is true.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Bureaucratic capture is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a specific avenue through which corruption and rent-seeking can occur.
B)  when government positions are filled with people who have close ties to the group they are supposed to regulate.
C)  a source of bias or personal sympathy that interferes with efficiency.
D)  All of these are true.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

In considering the criteria for an ideal voting system,the idea of an irrelevant alternative refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  when an option is added to a vote and has no realistic chance of winning.
B)  when an option is added to a vote and is unrelated to the issue being voted on.
C)  different voting methods that could alternatively be used,but would not change the outcome.
D)  different voting methods that could alternatively be used,and could change the outcome.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

First-past-the-post voting structures tend to lead to:

Accepted Answer

A)  a two-party system.
B)  a three-party system.
C)  a one-candidate system.
D)  a multi-party system.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Commentators on the presidential election between Bush and Gore in 2000 believe that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of Nader,a third candidate,drew votes away from Gore and caused him to lose the election.
B)  the presence of Nader,a third candidate,pushed more people to vote for Bush than otherwise would have,causing him to win the election.
C)  the presence of Nader,a third candidate,drew votes away from Bush and caused him to lose the election.
D)  drew votes away from Bush and caused him to win the election.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Suppose everyone in a town votes that they prefer improved public transportation systems instead of public parks.According to the criteria of independence of irrelevant alternatives that preference ___________ even if a third option not likely to win,like a public zoo,is included in the vote.

Accepted Answer

A)  should stay the same
B)  should change to the median
C)  should change to the average
D)  should change to the majorityE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

The consequence for society of the free-rider problem is:

Accepted Answer

A)  valuable goods and services are undersupplied.
B)  valuable goods and services are oversupplied.
C)  goods and services not valued by the society will be oversupplied.
D)  The free-rider problem does not create any of these situations.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

Compared to proportional-representation systems,two-party systems are thought to:

Accepted Answer

A)  lead to more diverse views in the policy process.
B)  offer a wider variety of platforms among which voters can choose.
C)  create unwieldy combinations of policies within one platform.
D)  All of these are true.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 14

When considering voting options,if option X beats Y,and Y beats Z,then transitivity says that:

Accepted Answer

A)  X beats Z.
B)  Z beats X.
C)  Y beats X.
D)  Z beats Y.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Pair-wise majority voting eliminates which problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Third party problem
B)  Majority options problem
C)  Swing-vote problem
D)  Misalignment problemE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

The median-voter theorem suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A)  politicians maximize their votes by taking the policy position preferred by the median voter,under certain conditions.
B)  Politicians always receive more votes in general elections when they appeal to extremists in their party.
C)  the middle voter is generally influenced by the side they have more information on concerning an issue.
D)  voters tend to vote with a "mob-mentality," all voting the same.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 17

Research has shown that the chances of one vote making a difference in an election is:

Accepted Answer

A)  0.001 percent.
B)  0.10 percent.
C)  0.01 percent.
D)  99.999 percent.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

When a group of people stand to gain from an action that is not rational for any of the members to undertake individually,it is referred to as a:

Accepted Answer

A)  collective-action problem.
B)  free-rider problem.
C)  moral hazard problem.
D)  societal-wellbeing problem.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

In the past,voting systems in most countries:

Accepted Answer

A)  required that you be both male and hold property in order to vote.
B)  required that you be male in order to vote.
C)  required that you be both male and white in order to vote.
D)  required that you be white,male,and hold property in order to vote.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 20

A political structure's enfranchisement refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  who has the right to vote.
B)  which territories are protected under particular laws.
C)  which territories are restricted by particular laws.
D)  the government's ability to expand its power.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Exam 22: Political Choices

In considering the criteria for an ideal voting system,the idea of an irrelevant alternative refers to:

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Bureaucratic capture occurs when:

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Arrow's impossibility theorem tells us:

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Commentators on the presidential election between Bush and Gore in 2000 believe that:

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Compared to proportional-representation systems,two-party systems are thought to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many countries use a proportional-representation system,which means that:

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Pair-wise majority voting eliminates which problem?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Political structure,or the process by which laws become enacted:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a group of people stand to gain from an action that is not rational for any of the members to undertake individually,it is referred to as a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

First-past-the-post voting structures tend to lead to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose everyone in a town votes that they prefer improved public transportation systems instead of public parks,then according to the criteria of ________________,that preference should not change even if a third option,like a public zoo,is included.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the past,voting systems in most countries:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When considering voting options,if option X beats Y,and Y beats Z,then transitivity says that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The consequence for society of the free-rider problem is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The median-voter theorem suggests that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose everyone in a town votes that they prefer improved public transportation systems instead of public parks.According to the criteria of independence of irrelevant alternatives that preference ___________ even if a third option not likely to win,like a public zoo,is included in the vote.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bureaucratic capture is:

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A political structure's enfranchisement refers to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research has shown that the chances of one vote making a difference in an election is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

First-past-the-post voting entails:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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