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The _____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization.


A) member identity
B) group emphasis  
C) people focus
D) unit integration

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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The _____ frame of an organization relates to the company's culture.

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In organizational culture, means-end orientation refers to _____.


A) the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment  
B) the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior  
C) the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results  
D) the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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The first two traditional project phases (concept and development) focus on planning, and are often referred to as _____.


A) project feasibility
B) project acquisition  
C) project implementation
D) project close-out

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from various functional areas working on their projects.

A) True
B) False

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Project managers must have cooperation from people in other parts of the organization.

A) True
B) False

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The best way to sustain a project is to withhold the required money, human resources, and visibility for the project.

A) True
B) False

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A(n) _____ refers to a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project.


A) deliverable
B) input  
C) system
D) resource

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Project managers must take adequate time to identify, understand, and manage relationships with all project stakeholders.

A) True
B) False

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The symbolic perspective of an organization:


A) focuses on different groups' roles and?responsibilities to meet the goals and policies set by top management. 
B) views the organization as coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups. 
C) focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people. 
D) focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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_____ are sets of interacting components working within an environment to fulfill some purpose.

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Project work is most successful in an organizational culture where activities are organized around individuals.

A) True
B) False

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The last phase of the traditional project life cycle is the implementation phase.

A) True
B) False

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Leadership style has no impact on the success of virtual teams.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is a disadvantage of virtual teams as compared to traditional teams?


A) Increased costs for office space and support  
B) Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information  
C) Limited flexibility in team working hours  
D) Reduced dependence on technology and processes for accomplishing work

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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The _____ model of a systems development life cycle provides for progressive development of operational software, with each release providing added capabilities.


A) spiral life cycle
B) RAD life cycle  
C) waterfall life cycle
D) incremental build life cycle

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Grey's Infotech sells customized hardware and software solutions for businesses. The salespeople for Grey's have a strict dress code when meeting clients. They are required to wear dark business suits, in order to convey the company's dedication to quality. The meaning conveyed to the clients' through the salespeople's clothing is part of the _____ frame of the organization.


A) political
B) symbolic  
C) structural
D) human resources

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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In organizational culture, control refers to _____.


A) the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment  
B) the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior  
C) the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results  
D) the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Internal stakeholders include groups affected by the project such as government officials or concerned citizens.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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In a _____ organizational structure, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers.


A) project
B) symbolic  
C) matrix
D) functional

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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