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Describe the specific practices organizations can engage in to foster each of the three forms of commitment. Give an example of each.

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Wythe Pharmaceuticals recently merged with a large multinational company, Valence Group. The new management made many changes. They decided to move the bulk of manufacturing overseas and cut the marketing department in half. They also restructured the research and development branch. The result was massive reorganization at every level, along with major downsizing that affected almost 20 percent of the Wythe workforce. Due to the downsizing, Hugh and Deanna lost their jobs, but their colleague Eloise was able to keep hers. Which statement about the friends is most likely True two months later?


A) Hugh and Deanna experienced a marked increase in depression, even though both quickly found new jobs.
B) Eloise experienced a lower level of affective commitment, but her level of normative commitment stayed about the same.
C) Because Eloise had to take on new job duties as a result of the changes, her level of organizational commitment increased.
D) Hugh and Deanna, in new jobs, experienced less work-related stress overall than Eloise, who felt depressed by the changes.
E) Eloise, as one of the survivors, was happier overall, while Hugh and Deanna were still dealing with the psychological fallout.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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________ psychological contracts are based on a narrow set of specific monetary obligations.


A) Normative
B) Relational
C) Transactional
D) Continuance
E) Progression

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Employees who feel a sense of continuance commitment identify with the organization, accept that organization's goals and values, and are more willing to exert extra effort on behalf of the organization.

A) True
B) False

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Organizational commitment should decrease the likelihood that an individual will respond to a negative work event with


A) exit or neglect.
B) loyalty or neglect.
C) neglect or voice.
D) exit or voice.
E) exit or loyalty.

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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The term "focus of commitment" can refer to each of the following, except


A) supervisors.
B) the company's top management.
C) salary.
D) specific coworkers.
E) industry regulations.

F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

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Ian and Ubed are engineers at Seedling Laboratories. Ubed comments that during a conversation with his neighbor Nick the other day, Nick expressed a common stereotype about foreign employees. What did Nick say?


A) that most immigrants in the United States are in service-related jobs or in blue-collar positions
B) that less than a quarter of the scientists and mathematicians in the U.S. are foreign-born
C) that many of the most educated employees, particularly in STEM, come from abroad
D) that fewer Americans are working as expatriates in foreign countries than in the past
E) that because of globalism, being an expatriate is less stressful than most people think

F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

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Describe the characteristics of affective commitment.

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Employees who feel a sense of affective ...

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Over the past year, three of the star salesmen at Family Resorts International's corporate office have been lured away to competitors. On top of that, Karina, the general manager of the sales department, has noticed that most employees come in, do their jobs, and leave. Family Resorts offers a good salary, benefits, and tuition reimbursement, as well as a number of development and training programs. Most employees seem contented enough, but Karina would like to do something to increase the level of engagement among her staff. What do you think Karina should do?


A) initiate one or more fun, bonding activities for the staff, such as weekly themed parties and weekend retreats
B) have fun weekly contests where teams and individuals compete for prizes, bonuses, and other monetary incentives
C) investigate the causes of low commitment by asking employees to complete an anonymous survey detailing their feelings
D) update and expand the kinds of development programs they offer, perhaps adding seminars that focus on technological skills
E) organize a volunteer program, where staff can work to help kids from disadvantaged backgrounds prepare for professional careers

F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Omar and Sari work as designers at Hologram Marketing. Recently, Sari's husband got a new job in a city fifty miles away, and they have decided to move there. Sari already has a new job lined up that pays about the same as her current one and has a better benefits package, but she is sad about leaving because she has made so many close friends during her fifteen years at Hologram. Omar is relatively new to the company, having just completed his design degree a few months ago. He completed an internship while in school, but Hologram was the first agency to make him a job offer. Sari tells him she has considered turning down the job offer in the new city and commuting to Hologram instead. She then asks Omar how he feels about working at Hologram. How would Omar most likely respond?


A) "I'm just thrilled to have any job, even if it's not my ideal in the long run. The job market is terrible right now."
B) "Even though the pay isn't what I hoped for, I can apply for a raise in six months. Most companies make you wait a year."
C) "You should take the new job. I like it here, but the salary's not all that great. If I got a better offer, I'd leave in a heartbeat."
D) "It's a great offer, but I'd never leave unless I had to. Even though I haven't been here as long as you, I felt welcomed right away."
E) "I think if you decide to take that other job, I will probably leave as well. Hologram is great, but I'm sure there's something else out there for me."

F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following is a form of physical withdrawal?


A) daydreaming
B) moonlighting
C) tardiness
D) socializing
E) cyberloafing

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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Employees that possess high commitment and high performance and are held up as role models for other employees are


A) dogs.
B) apathetics.
C) stars.
D) lone wolves.
E) citizens.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Lucy has a good job she likes, and she is always striving to please her boss. This behavior is a result of


A) self-maintenance.
B) employee attrition.
C) normative commitment.
D) organizational satisfaction.
E) organizational commitment.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

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The ________ syndrome is characterized by anger, depression, fear, distrust, and guilt that affects the employees who remain with an organization after a downsizing.


A) employee
B) survivor
C) stress
D) erosion
E) decay

F) None of the above
G) All of the above

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When employees engage in ________, they use work time and resources to complete something other than their job duties, such as assignments for another job.


A) daydreaming
B) moonlighting
C) social loafing
D) satisficing
E) cyberloafing

F) D) and E)
G) None of the above

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