A) the punishment is delayed rather than prompt.
B) the punishment is strong and sure.
C) the recipient is angry or aggressive.
D) the recipient is not rewarded for the desired behavior.
F) All of the above
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Pornography encourages distorted perceptions of sexual reality by presenting unrealistic and exaggerated portrayals of sex and sexual relationships. It often depicts extreme and unrealistic sexual acts, unrealistic body standards, and unrealistic sexual performance, which can lead viewers to believe that these are the norm in real life. This can lead to dissatisfaction with one's own sexual experiences and body, as well as pressure to perform or conform to unrealistic standards. Additionally, pornography often portrays sex in a way that is disconnected from emotions, intimacy, and consent, which can lead to the normalization of harmful and non-consensual sexual behaviors. Overall, consuming pornography can lead to distorted perceptions of what healthy and consensual sexual relationships should look like, which can have negative impacts on individuals' sexual experiences and relationships.
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Berkowitz's revised frustration-aggressi...View Answer
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A) amplifies aggression.
B) does not necessarily guarantee an increase in aggression.
C) only amplifies aggression in young males.
D) is only one factor that might increase aggression.
F) A) and C)
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Hostile aggression refers to behavior th...View Answer
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A) innate.
B) adaptive rather than self-destructive.
C) socially learned.
D) biologically influenced but not instinctive.
F) None of the above
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There are several arguments in favor of ...View Answer
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A) Twin studies indicate that aggression is never genetic.
B) Aggression is typically caused by brain damage.
C) A single spot in the brain controls aggression.
D) Alcohol enhances aggressiveness.
F) All of the above
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A) catharsis.
B) displacement.
C) cognitive priming.
D) relative deprivation.
F) A) and B)
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A) hostile aggression.
B) instrumental aggression.
C) both hostile and instrumental aggression.
D) neither hostile nor instrumental aggression.
F) C) and D)
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There are a few potential strategies that could be implemented to control the influence of television and media on increased aggression. One approach could involve stricter regulations on the content and portrayal of violence in media, particularly in programs and advertisements targeted towards children and adolescents. This could include enforcing age restrictions and warning labels for violent content, as well as implementing stricter guidelines for how violence is depicted on screen.
Another approach could involve media literacy education, which aims to teach individuals how to critically analyze and interpret the messages and images presented in media. By increasing awareness of the potential impact of media on attitudes and behaviors, individuals may be better equipped to resist and counteract the influence of violent media content.
In terms of the catharsis hypothesis, which suggests that watching or engaging in violent media can serve as a release of aggressive impulses, the evidence is mixed. While some research has suggested that engaging with violent media can temporarily reduce feelings of aggression, other studies have found that exposure to violent media can actually increase aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Therefore, it is important to approach the catharsis hypothesis with caution and consider the broader impact of media on attitudes and behaviors.
Overall, addressing the influence of television and media on increased aggression requires a multi-faceted approach that involves both regulatory and educational strategies. By implementing measures to regulate the portrayal of violence in media and increasing media literacy education, it may be possible to mitigate the impact of violent media content on individuals and society as a whole.
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A) desensitization.
B) catharsis.
C) the recency illusion.
D) the ambiguity effect.
F) A) and B)
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A) a slight increase in ambient temperature
B) the agony of being in a depressed state
C) a minor inconvenience
D) incidental exposure to violence
F) A) and C)
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Research on aggression cues and violence...View Answer
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A) a self-destructive impulse.
B) the observation of aggressive adult models.
C) the blocking of goal-directed behavior.
D) an innate sexual drive.
F) None of the above
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Playing video games has been found to ha...View Answer
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A) duplicitous
B) manipulative
C) instrumental
D) hostile
F) None of the above
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Aggression is a behavior that is intende...View Answer
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A) The frustration-aggression theory
B) Relative deprivation
C) The social learning theory
D) Displacement
F) A) and C)
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