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If aqueous cytoplasm was submerged in a beaker of immersion oil, the slide would be


A) undetectable.
B) brighter than its surroundings.
C) darker than its surroundings.
D) fluorescent.
E) stained.

F) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

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Which of the following techniques are based upon wave interference?


A) X-ray diffraction and phase contrast microscopy
B) phase contrast and dark-field microscopy
C) bright-field and dark-field microscopy
D) X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy
E) scanning and transmission electron microscopy

F) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

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What is the MOST important property that enables a lens to magnify an image?


A) absorption
B) fluorescence
C) reflection
D) refraction
E) scattering

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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What is the total magnification of a light microscope when using a 25X ocular and 40X objective lens?


A) 15X
B) 65X
C) 400X
D) 1,000X
E) 1,200X

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Describe three conditions that are necessary for electromagnetic radiation to resolve an object.

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There must be contrast between the objec...

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A useful application of dark-field optics is the study of bacterial


A) motility.
B) surfaces.
C) interiors.
D) shape.
E) structure.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

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The highest useful magnification for a light microscope is about


A) 100X.
B) 1,000X.
C) 10,000X.
D) 100,000X.
E) 1,000,000X.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

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Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is differentiated from transmission electron microscopy because it


A) requires making thin slices of the sample to be viewed.
B) does not require staining with heavy metals.
C) may be used to view living tissues.
D) uses a weaker electron beam.
E) can provide a color image of the microbial cell.

F) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Which of these techniques can be used to localize the DNA sequence at the origin of replication in a bacterial cell?


A) fluorescence microscopy
B) phase contrast
C) X-ray diffraction
D) atomic force microscopy
E) cryo-EM

F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

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