Question 1

Referring to behavior and personality as polygenic means that both are

Accepted Answer

A)   influenced by only a few genes, but each has a large effect.
B)   influenced by many genes, with each individual gene contributing a relatively small effect.
C)   influenced by individual genes only rarely.
D)   a result of our genetic structure only.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 2

One conclusion that can be drawn from the studies regarding rat learning and brain structure (Greenough,1990; Wallace et al,1992) is that

Accepted Answer

A)   early psychological experience affects the development of the nervous system and will absolutely determine whether or not the individual will develop a psychological disorder later in life.
B)   early psychological experience does not result in physical changes to the nervous system but can still influence whether or not one develops a psychological disorder.
C)   early psychological experience affects the development of the nervous system and influences vulnerability to psychological disorders later in life.
D)   early psychological experience has little to do with brain structure or later development of psychopathology.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Anxious males tend to have a higher rate of alcoholism than females.One likely explanation for this difference is that men are:

Accepted Answer

A)   more likely to use alcohol to deal with anxiety rather than admit they are afraid
B)   less likely to be fearful of becoming alcoholic
C)   exposed to alcohol more often than women are
D)   more likely to see alcohol as a good long-term solution to problems such as anxietyE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 4

The procedures referred to as quantitative genetics are used to

Accepted Answer

A)   determine the effects of multiple genes.
B)   provide genetic counseling.
C)   correct genetic abnormalities.
D)   test the multidimensional integrative model.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Which of the following accurately illustrates the reciprocal gene-environment model of interaction?

Accepted Answer

A)   Due to her phobia of cats, May avoids them.
B)   Joan knows her father is an alcoholic, so she avoids alcohol.
C)   Tony has a predisposition to develop a blood-injury phobia, and he leads a cautious lifestyle.
D)   George has a vulnerability to depression, and he frequently rents sad movies on video.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 6

For most people,verbal and cognitive processes are usually controlled by the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   left hemisphere of the cortex
B)   right hemisphere of the cortex
C)   entire cortex
D)   midbrainE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

According to the diathesis-stress model,

Accepted Answer

A)   mental disorders will always develop given a certain level of stress.
B)   once a diathesis for a particular disorder is inherited, the disorder will eventually develop.
C)   an individual's inherited tendencies are not affected by stressful life events he or she encounters.
D)   it is possible to inherit a diathesis and never develop a disorder.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 8

This lobe is the part of the brain that is used for reasoning and relating to the world as humans.

Accepted Answer

A)   Cerebral
B)   Temporal
C)   Limbic
D)   FrontalE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Balancing the "fight or flight" response to stress and returning the body to a state of "normal arousal" is a function of the _________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   sympathetic nervous system
B)   parasympathetic nervous system
C)   endocrine system
D)   cortexE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Emotion is generally thought to be a(n) ____________elicited by a(n) ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   cognition; behavior
B)   action tendency; threat
C)   affect; cognition
D)   physiological response; affective occurrenceE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

The fact that some behaviors can be symptoms of many different disorders (e.g.,delusions can be a result of amphetamine abuse or of schizophrenia) is an example of ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   equifinality
B)   psychopathology
C)   pathogenesis
D)   orthogonal causationE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Although the two halves of the cortex look alike structurally,the left hemisphere seems to be chiefly responsible for

Accepted Answer

A)   motor coordination.
B)   perceiving the world around us.
C)   creating images.
D)   verbal and other cognitive processes.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Which of the following is an incorrect combination of neurotransmitter and what it affects?

Accepted Answer

A)   Norepinephrine; emergency reactions
B)   Serotonin; moderation and regulation of behavior
C)   Benzodiazepine and GABA; general anxiety
D)   Dopamine; depressionE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Psychological conditioning involves

Accepted Answer

A)   learning a relationship between two events.
B)   salivating to a metronome.
C)   adding body and manageability to one's hair.
D)   learning to salivate to food.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

In an experiment by Kolb,Gibb,and Gorny (2003) ,animals of varying ages were placed in complex environments.Their findings suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)   the impact of the environment on the brain is different at varying stages of life.
B)   the impact of the environment on the brain is significant but uniform throughout the lifespan.
C)   environments that are beneficial to the aged may be harmful to the young.
D)   the environment has little effect on the brain throughout the lifespan.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 16

According to the diathesis-stress model,monozygotic twins raised in the same household will

Accepted Answer

A)   not necessarily have the same disorders because of potential differences in their diathesis.
B)   have the same disorders because their diathesis and stress are exactly the same.
C)   not necessarily have the same disorders because of potential differences in their stress.
D)   have no more likelihood of sharing a disorder than any other two randomly selected individuals from the population.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 17

A circuit of this system controls alarm reactions.

Accepted Answer

A)   Noradrenergic
B)   Dopamine
C)   5-HT
D)   GABAE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

According to Seligman,if a person who is faced with considerable stress and difficulty in his/her life displays an optimistic,upbeat attitude,he/she is likely to function better psychologically and physically.He called this ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)   learned optimism
B)   learned helplessness
C)   learned awareness
D)   learned predictabilityE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

When we compare the incidence of psychological disorders across countries and cultures,we find that

Accepted Answer

A)   there is remarkable similarity in the rates of various disorders in different countries and cultures.
B)   all Western countries have a similar rate of common disorders, but this is not true for developing countries.
C)   developing countries have a much higher rate of psychological disorder than Western countries.
D)   there are enormous differences in the rates of various disorders in different countries and cultures.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 20

The relationship between emotion and health is demonstrated by the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)   panic is related to poor concentration.
B)   people with chronic diseases are often angry about their care.
C)   those in poor physical health almost always develop psychological disorders.
D)   anger increases risk of heart disease.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 2: N Integrative Approach To Psychopathology

The fact that some behaviors can be symptoms of many different disorders (e.g.,delusions can be a result of amphetamine abuse or of schizophrenia) is an example of ____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although the two halves of the cortex look alike structurally,the left hemisphere seems to be chiefly responsible for

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Psychological conditioning involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For most people,verbal and cognitive processes are usually controlled by the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Balancing the "fight or flight" response to stress and returning the body to a state of "normal arousal" is a function of the _________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The relationship between emotion and health is demonstrated by the fact that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an incorrect combination of neurotransmitter and what it affects?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A circuit of this system controls alarm reactions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the diathesis-stress model,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

This lobe is the part of the brain that is used for reasoning and relating to the world as humans.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Seligman,if a person who is faced with considerable stress and difficulty in his/her life displays an optimistic,upbeat attitude,he/she is likely to function better psychologically and physically.He called this ______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the diathesis-stress model,monozygotic twins raised in the same household will

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The procedures referred to as quantitative genetics are used to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Anxious males tend to have a higher rate of alcoholism than females.One likely explanation for this difference is that men are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experiment by Kolb,Gibb,and Gorny (2003) ,animals of varying ages were placed in complex environments.Their findings suggest that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Emotion is generally thought to be a(n) ____________elicited by a(n) ____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Referring to behavior and personality as polygenic means that both are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When we compare the incidence of psychological disorders across countries and cultures,we find that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following accurately illustrates the reciprocal gene-environment model of interaction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One conclusion that can be drawn from the studies regarding rat learning and brain structure (Greenough,1990; Wallace et al,1992) is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Emotion is generally thought to be a(n) elicited by a(n) .

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