Question 1

Dave the Druid makes a sacrificial offering of wine to the sun every 365 days. Each time he does so, the sun rises over the same stone. Dave believes pouring wine over the stone causes the sun to rise there because he has made a mistake in the _____ component of the response reinforcer relationship.

Accepted Answer

A)  temporal contiguity
B)  belongingness
C)  contingency
D)  timingE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 2

Compare and contrast free-operant and discrete-trial methods for the study of instrumental behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast free-operant and discrete-trial methods...

Question 3

Describe how you would go about training a dog to open a refrigerator to fetch a can of soda. Make sure to include the details of the magazine training and shaping.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how you would go about training...

Question 4

Imagine that a friend of yours has committed a faux pas at your dinner party. Rather than embarrass your friend with an immediate correction, you wait until the party is over. Why is this not likely to alter your friend's behavior? What could you have done to improve the chances that a correction administered after the party would change the behavior?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that a friend of yours has...

Question 5

Which would you expect to show the least avoidance learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  those subjects who had prior escape-avoidance training with escapable shock
B)  those subjects who had prior escape-avoidance training with inescapable shock
C)  those subjects who were merely restricted to the escape-avoidance training apparatus and that received no shocks
D)  any of the above depending on the intensity of the shocks deliveredE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

A negative contingency between a response and an appetitive stimulus is also known as

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement.
B)  negative reinforcement.
C)  punishment.
D)  omission training.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of omission training?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wanda cannot play with her friends because she was out too late yesterday evening.
B)  Robert takes out the garbage to stop his roommate's nagging.
C)  Billy sleeps late to avoid taking his history final.
D)  Ellie stops crying when she gets a lollipop.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stella changes the oil in her car to avoid engine seizure.
B)  Mark hits his little brother because the brother broke Mark's bike.
C)  Suzie cries after losing the card game.
D)  Ed gets a gold star because he didn't act out.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

Ralph only gets to watch television in the afternoons if he doesn't hit his sister. Otherwise, he must spend the afternoon in his room. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  differential reinforcement of other behavior.
B)  avoidance training.
C)  punishment.
D)  negative reinforcement.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 10

What was the purpose of Skinner's superstition experiment? What were the results, and how have those results been reinterpreted?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was the purpose of Skinner's superstition...

Question 11

Graduate students are barely given enough money to buy noodle soup. When they finish their degrees they jump at the chance to work for a university for pauper's wages. The universities are able to keep the salaries low and still have plenty of applicants because of

Accepted Answer

A)  positive contrast.
B)  negative contrast.
C)  simultaneous contrast.
D)  stereotypic contrast.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

What is the learned-helplessness effect? Describe two competing explanations of the effect. How is the effect mediated by the dorsal raphe nucleus and the prefrontal cortex?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the learned-helplessness effect? Describe two...

Question 13

According to the law of effect, which of the following elements is not a component of the conditioned association?

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus
B)  outcome
C)  response
D)  All of the above are involved.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 14

A drug has been discovered to inhibit the dorsal raphe nucleus, you predict its effect will be

Accepted Answer

A)  to enhance the learned helplessness effect.
B)  to block the learned helplessness effect.
C)  to artificially simulate the learned helplessness effect.
D)  none of the aboveE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Magazine training involves which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement of successive approximations
B)  non-reinforcement of earlier response forms
C)  classical conditioning
D)  All of the aboveE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Research has suggested that which brain region mediates long-term consequences of uncontrollable aversive stimuli?

Accepted Answer

A)  dorsal raphe nucleus
B)  occipital cortex
C)  pre posterior nuclei
D)  lateral medial nucleiE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

In some instances, removing a stimulus after some response decreases the occurrence of that response. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement.
B)  negative reinforcement.
C)  omission training.
D)  punishment.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is true of an operant response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Response speed determines outcome.
B)  Pushing a lever with a paw and pushing a lever with the snout are equivalent.
C)  Licking a water spout and pushing a response lever are equivalent.
D)  Licking a water spout and chewing a food pellet are equivalent.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

What is the current thinking about instrumental reinforcement and creativity, and what is the relevant experimental evidence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the current thinking about instrumental...

Question 20

Activating the ventral medial prefrontal cortex

Accepted Answer

A)  substitutes for behavioral control in learned helplessness paradigms.
B)  interferes with behavioral control in learned helplessness paradigms.
C)  provides evidence supporting the learned helplessness hypothesis.
D)  none of the aboveE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 5: Instrumental Conditioning

What is the current thinking about instrumental reinforcement and creativity, and what is the relevant experimental evidence?

Correct Answer
verified

Which would you expect to show the least avoidance learning?

Correct Answer
verified

A drug has been discovered to inhibit the dorsal raphe nucleus, you predict its effect will be

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an example of omission training?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the learned-helplessness effect? Describe two competing explanations of the effect. How is the effect mediated by the dorsal raphe nucleus and the prefrontal cortex?

Correct Answer
verified

Research has suggested that which brain region mediates long-term consequences of uncontrollable aversive stimuli?

Correct Answer
verified

Compare and contrast free-operant and discrete-trial methods for the study of instrumental behavior.

Correct Answer
verified

Ralph only gets to watch television in the afternoons if he doesn't hit his sister. Otherwise, he must spend the afternoon in his room. This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

Magazine training involves which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

Graduate students are barely given enough money to buy noodle soup. When they finish their degrees they jump at the chance to work for a university for pauper's wages. The universities are able to keep the salaries low and still have plenty of applicants because of

Correct Answer
verified

What was the purpose of Skinner's superstition experiment? What were the results, and how have those results been reinterpreted?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is true of an operant response?

Correct Answer
verified

Describe how you would go about training a dog to open a refrigerator to fetch a can of soda. Make sure to include the details of the magazine training and shaping.

Correct Answer
verified

Dave the Druid makes a sacrificial offering of wine to the sun every 365 days. Each time he does so, the sun rises over the same stone. Dave believes pouring wine over the stone causes the sun to rise there because he has made a mistake in the _____ component of the response reinforcer relationship.

Correct Answer
verified

A negative contingency between a response and an appetitive stimulus is also known as

Correct Answer
verified

Activating the ventral medial prefrontal cortex

Correct Answer
verified

In some instances, removing a stimulus after some response decreases the occurrence of that response. This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Correct Answer
verified

According to the law of effect, which of the following elements is not a component of the conditioned association?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 5: Instrumental Conditioning

What is the current thinking about instrumental reinforcement and creativity, and what is the relevant experimental evidence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which would you expect to show the least avoidance learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A drug has been discovered to inhibit the dorsal raphe nucleus, you predict its effect will be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of omission training?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the learned-helplessness effect? Describe two competing explanations of the effect. How is the effect mediated by the dorsal raphe nucleus and the prefrontal cortex?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research has suggested that which brain region mediates long-term consequences of uncontrollable aversive stimuli?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare and contrast free-operant and discrete-trial methods for the study of instrumental behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ralph only gets to watch television in the afternoons if he doesn't hit his sister. Otherwise, he must spend the afternoon in his room. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Magazine training involves which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Graduate students are barely given enough money to buy noodle soup. When they finish their degrees they jump at the chance to work for a university for pauper's wages. The universities are able to keep the salaries low and still have plenty of applicants because of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was the purpose of Skinner's superstition experiment? What were the results, and how have those results been reinterpreted?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of an operant response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe how you would go about training a dog to open a refrigerator to fetch a can of soda. Make sure to include the details of the magazine training and shaping.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A negative contingency between a response and an appetitive stimulus is also known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Activating the ventral medial prefrontal cortex

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In some instances, removing a stimulus after some response decreases the occurrence of that response. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the law of effect, which of the following elements is not a component of the conditioned association?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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