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Detail how the CS, the US, and the timing of the presentation of these stimuli can affect classically conditioned responding.

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Why is CS novelty important to consider in classical conditioning situations? What are the mechanisms that underlie CS-preexposure effects?

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Which model suggests that the CS is only informative if the subject has to wait less time for the US when the CS is present than if it is not present?


A) the Rescorla-Wagner model
B) the Pearce and Hall attentional model
C) the comparator hypothesis
D) the relative-waiting-time hypothesis

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following is a challenge to the stimulus substitution model?


A) If a rat is used as a CS for another rat in a food conditioning experiment, the subject rat will gnaw on the CS rat.
B) If a rat is used as a CS for another rat in a food conditioning experiment, the subject rat will approach and taste the CS rat.
C) If a rat is used as a CS for another rat in a food conditioning experiment, the subject rat show affiliative response to the CS rat.
D) If a rat is used as a CS for another rat in a food conditioning experiment, the subject rat will bite the CS rat.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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The stimulus substitution model correctly emphasizes


A) that the nature of the UR depends on the CS used.
B) that the nature of the CS depends on the US used.
C) that the nature of the US depends on the CS used.
D) that the nature of the CR depends on the US used.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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How does the comparator hypothesis explain the blocking effect?

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Sucrose (sugar) pellets serve to satisfy an innate drive, because of this


A) they are always CSs.
B) they are always USs
C) they are sometimes CSs and sometimes USs
D) they are always URs

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Chicks presented with a lighted disk signaling warmth pecked at the disk, pushed the disk, and shook their heads in a snuggling manner. Their response to the heat was to nap. The conditioned response to the disk is best predicted by which of the following?


A) the stimulus substitution model
B) the compensatory response model
C) the behavioral systems model
D) the belongingness model

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Your friend plans to autoshape her goldfish to swim up to a hoop (the CS) . You recommend using a US that


A) is very familiar to the fish.
B) that is slightly aversive to the fish.
C) that is relatively novel to the fish.
D) that is very aversive to the fish.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Using the Rescorla-Wager model, predict Using the Rescorla-Wager model, predict V of stimulus B during conditioning trials with compound stimulus A\B when the associative value of A at the beginning of the trial is lambda and the associative value of B at the beginning of the trial is 0. A) 0 B) 1\4 lambda C) 1\2 lambda D) lambda V of stimulus B during conditioning trials with compound stimulus A\B when the associative value of A at the beginning of the trial is lambda and the associative value of B at the beginning of the trial is 0.


A) 0
B) 1\4 lambda
C) 1\2 lambda
D) lambda

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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From the selection below, select the true statement about stimuli.


A) Identification of CSs and USs is relative.
B) Identification of CSs is relative, but USs do not need reference to other stimuli.
C) Identification of USs is relative, but CSs do not need reference to other stimuli.
D) Identification of CSs and USs does not rely on reference to other stimuli.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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A rat is given 20 exposures to a red light cue. Then, the red light is presented paired with food delivery. Compared to a rat that did not receive the initial 20 exposures, this rat took a long time to develop a CR to the red light. The slower learning is due to


A) the US-preexposure effect.
B) the latent-inhibition effect.
C) the latent-excitation effect.
D) the CS relevance effect.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which model suggests that whether conditioned responding reflects excitation or inhibition depends on the excitatory value of the CS and the excitatory value of contextual cues present during training?


A) the Rescorla-Wagner model
B) the comparator hypothesis
C) attentional models
D) temporal models

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Provide two examples of belongingness in classical conditioning.

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Describe several examples of how Pavlovian conditioning can modify how one responds to the unconditioned stimulus. What is the adaptive significance of this type of learning?

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According to Kamin, the blocking experiment demonstrates that classical conditioning occurs only when


A) the CS is unexpected.
B) the US is unexpected.
C) the CS is expected.
D) the US is expected.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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According to the Rescorla-Wagner model, inhibition is which of the following?


A) the opposite of excitation
B) the same as excitation
C) unrelated to excitation
D) unpredictable with the model

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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How does the intertrial interval influence learning?

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Describe three different types of attention that are relevant to learned behavior.

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The drug dinitrophenol causes increased oxygen consumption. According to the concept of conditioned diminution of the UR, which of the following is true regarding exposure to cues associated with dinitrophenol?


A) will also increase oxygen consumption
B) will decrease oxygen consumption
C) will not alter oxygen consumption
D) will not actually alter oxygen consumption, but subjects will report a change in the affective aspects of oxygen consumption

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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