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A legitimate concern about illegal immigration is that it


A) tends to lead to higher product prices.
B) has a negative fiscal impact on local and state governments.
C) causes a one-for-one reduction in employment for legal residents.
D) causes the average wage level in the U.S. to fall.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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The main driver of economic immigration is the opportunity to improve earnings and living standards.

A) True
B) False

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Any migration that affects the economies of the countries involved is referred to as "economic immigration."

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following statements is most accurate about welfare utilization by immigrant and nonimmigrant households (households with minor children) in 2014?


A) Over half of immigrant households received some form of welfare, while less than half of nonimmigrant households received assistance.
B) Over half of nonimmigrant households received some form of welfare, while less than half of immigrant households received assistance.
C) Households headed by an illegal immigrant were less likely (as a percentage of households) to receive some form of welfare than legal immigrant and nonimmigrant households.
D) Immigrant and nonimmigrant households have similar rates of welfare utilization.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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In 2017, immigrants made up a larger portion of the labor force in the U.S. than in Australia.

A) True
B) False

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According to the best evidence, immigration in the U.S.


A) raises the wages of low-skilled native-born workers and decreases the salaries of highly skilled native-born workers.
B) increases the wages of both low-skilled native-born workers and highly skilled native-born workers.
C) reduces the wages of low-skilled native-born workers and increases the salaries of highly skilled native-born workers.
D) reduces the wages of low-skilled native-born workers and may decrease the salaries of highly skilled native-born workers.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Other things equal,


A) workers with higher levels of human capital will tend to migrate to countries providing greater wage opportunities.
B) workers with lower levels of human capital will tend to migrate to countries providing greater wage opportunities.
C) smaller wage differences between countries will tend to increase the flow of immigration between countries.
D) workers with higher levels of human capital will migrate to higher-wage countries regardless of the distance between countries.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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State three major reasons why people immigrate to the United States.

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People immigrate into the United States ...

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  Symbols: Q = number of workers demanded; W = wage rate; and VTP = value of the cumulative total product (output) of the particular number of workers. Assumptions: (1) The current wage in Zinnia is $20, and the current wage in Marigold is $12; (2) full employment exists in both countries.At the current wage rate, the combined number of workers in the two nations is A) 2. B) 3. C) 5. D) 4. Symbols: Q = number of workers demanded; W = wage rate; and VTP = value of the cumulative total product (output) of the particular number of workers. Assumptions: (1) The current wage in Zinnia is $20, and the current wage in Marigold is $12; (2) full employment exists in both countries.At the current wage rate, the combined number of workers in the two nations is


A) 2.
B) 3.
C) 5.
D) 4.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Immigrants made up approximately what percentage of the U.S. labor force in 2017?


A) 5 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 18 percent
D) 33 percent

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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  Symbols: Q = number of workers demanded; W = wage rate; and VTP = value of the cumulative total product (output) of the particular number of workers. Assumptions: (1) The current wage in Zinnia is $18, and the current wage in Marigold is $14; (2) full employment exists in both countries. If migration is costless and unimpeded, A) no migration will occur. B) migration will cause the wage in Marigold to fall. C) 1 worker will move from Marigold to Zinnia. D) 2 workers will move from Marigold to Zinnia. Symbols: Q = number of workers demanded; W = wage rate; and VTP = value of the cumulative total product (output) of the particular number of workers. Assumptions: (1) The current wage in Zinnia is $18, and the current wage in Marigold is $14; (2) full employment exists in both countries. If migration is costless and unimpeded,


A) no migration will occur.
B) migration will cause the wage in Marigold to fall.
C) 1 worker will move from Marigold to Zinnia.
D) 2 workers will move from Marigold to Zinnia.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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From 2000 to 2009, the net annual inflow of illegal immigrants averaged about


A) 250,000 per year.
B) 500,000 per year.
C) 750,000 per year.
D) 1 million per year.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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In 2017, which of the following countries contributed the largest number of legal immigrants into the U.S.?


A) China
B) India
C) Philippines
D) Dominican Republic

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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  Assumptions: (1) Employers in this market are willing and able to ignore minimum wage laws; (2) S<sub>d</sub> represents the supply of domestic-born (and legal immigrant) workers; (3) Sā‚œ represents the total supply of workers in this labor market (S<sub>d</sub> plus illegal immigrants) ; and (4) unless otherwise stated, illegal immigration is not effectively blocked by the government.How many illegal immigrant workers will be hired at equilibrium? A) 20,000 B) 50,000 C) 60,000 D) 70,000 Assumptions: (1) Employers in this market are willing and able to ignore minimum wage laws; (2) Sd represents the supply of domestic-born (and legal immigrant) workers; (3) Sā‚œ represents the total supply of workers in this labor market (Sd plus illegal immigrants) ; and (4) unless otherwise stated, illegal immigration is not effectively blocked by the government.How many illegal immigrant workers will be hired at equilibrium?


A) 20,000
B) 50,000
C) 60,000
D) 70,000

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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  Symbols: Q = number of workers demanded; W = wage rate; and VTP = value of the cumulative total product (output) of the particular number of workers. Assumptions: (1) The current wage in Zinnia is $20, and the current wage in Marigold is $12; (2) full employment exists in both countries.At the current wage rate, the combined number of workers in the two nations is A) 2. B) 3. C) 5. D) 4. Symbols: Q = number of workers demanded; W = wage rate; and VTP = value of the cumulative total product (output) of the particular number of workers. Assumptions: (1) The current wage in Zinnia is $20, and the current wage in Marigold is $12; (2) full employment exists in both countries.At the current wage rate, the combined number of workers in the two nations is


A) 2.
B) 3.
C) 5.
D) 4.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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  Refer to the graph of the market for low-skilled labor. S<sub>d</sub>is the supply of domestic resident workers, and Sā‚œ is the total supply of labor, including undocumented workers. If there are illegal immigrants in the market, how many illegal immigrants will be employed? A) 15 million B) 120 million C) 135 million D) 22 million Refer to the graph of the market for low-skilled labor. Sdis the supply of domestic resident workers, and Sā‚œ is the total supply of labor, including undocumented workers. If there are illegal immigrants in the market, how many illegal immigrants will be employed?


A) 15 million
B) 120 million
C) 135 million
D) 22 million

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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In the destination country, who tends to lose from labor immigration?


A) the migrant workers
B) the labor unions
C) the consumers
D) the firms

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following best describes the impact of immigration on complementary resources?


A) The lower wage rate resulting from immigration reduces production costs, creating a business-income effect that increases the demand for complementary resources.
B) The lower wage rate resulting from immigration reduces production costs, creating an output effect that decreases the demand for complementary resources.
C) The higher wage rate resulting from immigration increases production costs, creating an output effect that increases the demand for complementary resources.
D) The lower wage rate resulting from immigration reduces production costs, creating an output effect that increases the demand for complementary resources.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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  In the accompanying graphs, the pre-migration labor force in country A is 0d and in country B it is 0u. If business income is total output minus total labor cost, then business income in country A after the immigration occurs is equal to area A) haf. B) habg. C) hcg. D) hce0. In the accompanying graphs, the pre-migration labor force in country A is 0d and in country B it is 0u. If business income is total output minus total labor cost, then business income in country A after the immigration occurs is equal to area


A) haf.
B) habg.
C) hcg.
D) hce0.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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The outflow of highly educated workers from low-income countries to high-income countries is called


A) backflow.
B) self-selection.
C) skill transferability.
D) brain drain.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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