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A cat is trained to fetch a piece of balled paper.The cat has learned that the sound of the paper being crumpled means that the game is on.The game being on tells the cat that the paper is about to fly.Seeing the flying paper means that it is time for the hunt.Grabbing the paper lets the cat know that a treat is waiting.This cat must have learned


A) paired associates.
B) a serial pattern.
C) stimulus-response associations.
D) serial representations.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The best evidence that great apes use grammar is


A) the large size of their vocabulary.
B) that most most utterances are multiple word phrases.
C) that two-word utterances did not occur in random order.
D) that they could convey their desires to humans.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Perceptual concepts involve


A) generalization within a category.
B) discrimination within a category.
C) generalization between categories.
D) All of the above

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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A scrub jay demonstrates that it knows what happened, where it happened, when it happened, and seems to have integrated these pieces into a a coherent representation.This is evidence of


A) semantic memory
B) procedural memory
C) episodic memory
D) motor memory

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Describe how the behavior of food storing birds can be used to provide evidence of episodic memory.

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Explain why tests with subsets of items from a simultaneous array are useful in assessing the mechanisms of serial pattern learning.

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According to the behavioral theory of timing, the discriminative stimuli for the required timing responses are


A) the number of impulses sent by the pacemaker.
B) the total time the switch is active.
C) the comparison of impulses in the comparator.
D) the subjects own adjunctive responses.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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A rat is used in a modified matching-to-sample experiment.If the rat is presented with a 4-second-long sample, it must push the left lever.If the sample is 10 seconds long, the rat must depress the right lever.This type of experiment tests the rat's ability to


A) form concepts.
B) produce durations.
C) estimate durations.
D) chunk information.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Discriminating between which of the following would demonstrate abstract concept formation?


A) natural and artificial
B) red and orange
C) males and females
D) same and different

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Describe food caching behavior and what factors experimenters have to rule out before concluding that the behavior is mediated by working memory.

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Monkeys were trained to respond sequentially in a simultaneous stimulus array procedure.After training, which of the following sets of test stimuli will lead to the longest latency to press the first key?


A) C, B
B) A, E
C) E, D
D) A, D

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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What are the components of language competence? What evidence of these components is found in nonhuman animals?

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Evidence from drug studies, clinical disorders, and transgenic mice suggests which neurotransmitter is important for timing?


A) norepinepherine
B) dopamine
C) serotonin
D) acetylcholine

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Describe the internal clock.Compare the Scalar Expectancy Theory and behavioral theory of how timing might take place.

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Monkeys were trained to press five buttons, "A" through "E," in alphabetical order.When presented with the smaller subset of keys "B" and "D," they were able to press these keys in order also.This suggests the monkeys learned


A) paired associates.
B) response-outcome associations.
C) stimulus-response associations.
D) serial representations.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Describe two techniques for measuring an animal's ability for timing behavior.

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What does learning a perceptual concept involve?

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In theories of timing that use oscillators, the oscillator is most like a


A) pacemaker
B) an hourglass
C) a pendulum
D) a comparator

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Results from duration estimation tasks suggest that


A) rats can base their behavior on duration estimation, but pigeons cannot.
B) pigeons can base their behavior on duration estimation, but rats cannot.
C) neither pigeons nor rats can base their behavior on duration estimation.
D) both pigeons and rats can base their behavior on duration estimation.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The common elements approach to perceptual concept learning suggests that organisms form perceptual concepts based on


A) prototypes of the perceptual category.
B) geotypes of the perceptual category.
C) shared critical features of members of the perceptual category.
D) different combinations of shared features of members of the perceptual category.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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