Question 1

Like the Sun and the Moon, the planets appear to move from west to east from one day to thenext.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Explain how Copernicus would account for the retrograde loops of superior planets.

Accepted Answer

The Earth moves faster than th...

Question 3

Which of the following was NOT included in Copernicus' heliocentric model?

Accepted Answer

A)  The planets of the solar system revolve around the Sun.
B)  The stars are much farther away than the Sun.
C)  Apparent retrograde motion is not the actual motion of the other planets.
D)  The orbits of the planets are ellipses.
E)  The Earth is not the center of everything.F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

A fatal flaw with Ptolemy's model is its inability to predict the observed phases of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the Sun during an eclipse.
B)  the Moon in its monthly cycle.
C)  Mercury and Venus.
D)  Mars and Jupiter.
E)  Jupiter and Saturn.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 5

According to Newton's third law, the Voyager probes pulled just as hard on Jupiter as it did onthem when they flew past it. Why were they accelerated enough to leave the solar system butJupiter still is in orbit about the Sun?

Accepted Answer

Jupiter was much more massive ...

Question 6

A planet whose distance from the Sun is 3 A.U. would have an orbital period of how manyEarth-years?

Accepted Answer

A)  3
B)    27\sqrt { 27 }27c-2.7,0,-7.17,-2.7,-13.5,-8c-5.8,-5.3,-9.5,-10,-9.5,-14c0,-2,0.3,-3.3,1,-4c1.3,-2.7,23.83,-20.7,67.5,-54c44.2,-33.3,65.8,-50.3,66.5,-51c1.3,-1.3,3,-2,5,-2c4.7,0,8.7,3.3,12,10s173,378,173,378c0.7,0,35.3,-71,104,-213c68.7,-142,137.5,-285,206.5,-429c69,-144,104.5,-217.7,106.5,-221l0 -0c5.3,-9.3,12,-14,20,-14H400000v40H845.2724s-225.272,467,-225.272,467s-235,486,-235,486c-2.7,4.7,-9,7,-19,7c-6,0,-10,-1,-12,-3s-194,-422,-194,-422s-65,47,-65,47zM834 80h400000v40h-400000z'/>​ 
C)    3\sqrt { 3 }3c-2.7,0,-7.17,-2.7,-13.5,-8c-5.8,-5.3,-9.5,-10,-9.5,-14c0,-2,0.3,-3.3,1,-4c1.3,-2.7,23.83,-20.7,67.5,-54c44.2,-33.3,65.8,-50.3,66.5,-51c1.3,-1.3,3,-2,5,-2c4.7,0,8.7,3.3,12,10s173,378,173,378c0.7,0,35.3,-71,104,-213c68.7,-142,137.5,-285,206.5,-429c69,-144,104.5,-217.7,106.5,-221l0 -0c5.3,-9.3,12,-14,20,-14H400000v40H845.2724s-225.272,467,-225.272,467s-235,486,-235,486c-2.7,4.7,-9,7,-19,7c-6,0,-10,-1,-12,-3s-194,-422,-194,-422s-65,47,-65,47zM834 80h400000v40h-400000z'/>​ 
D)  9
E)  81 F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 7

Which of these was NOT a telescopic discovery of Galileo?

Accepted Answer

A)  the moons of Saturn
B)  the craters and mare of the Moon
C)  sunspots and the rotation of the Sun
D)  the four largest moons of Jupiter
E)  the phases of VenusF) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 8

The place in a planet's orbit that is closest to the Sun is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  vernal equinox.
B)  aphelion.
C)  perihelion.
D)  crossing the ecliptic.
E)  None of these; a planet's distance from the Sun never changes.F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 9

The eccentricity of a perfectly circular orbit is 1.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

How much stronger is the gravitational pull of the Sun on Earth, at 1 A.U., than it is onSaturn at 10 A.U.?

Accepted Answer

A)  5X
B)  10X
C)  25X
D)  100X
E)  250XF) B) and D)
G) A) and B) D

Question 11

How does Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation explain Kepler's laws?

Accepted Answer

A)  Universal gravitation implies that the orbits of the planets must be elliptical (Kepler's firstlaw) .
B)  Universal gravitation implies that the planets will sweep out equal areas in equal times(Kepler's second law) .
C)  Universal gravitation implies that the planets further from the Sun will move more slowlythan the planets closer to the Sun (Kepler's third law) .
D)  Universal gravitation implies that when a planet is closer to the Sun in its orbit, it will movefaster than when it is farther from the Sun (Kepler's second law) .
E)  Both C and D are correct.F) None of the above
G) D) and E) E

Question 12

Of all his laws, Kepler was proudest of the third. Why was it so appealing in his search forcosmic harmony?

Accepted Answer

He found a simple math relatio...

Question 13

What contribution to astronomy was made by Tycho Brahe?

Accepted Answer

A)  The planets' orbits around the Sun are ellipses, not circles.
B)  The Earth is not the center of the Universe.
C)  His observations of planetary motion with great accuracy proved circular orbits could notwork.
D)  His telescope revealed the moons of Jupiter before Galileo noted them.
E)  Retrograde motion must be explained by epicycles larger than those of Ptolemy.F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 14

Which of the statements below is part of both the Ptolemaic and Copernican models?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Earth orbits the Sun once a year.
B)  The Sun lies in the center of the Cosmos.
C)  The Moon orbits the Earth once a month.
D)  Epicycles are needed to explain retrograde motion of the planets.
E)  Venus's epicycle must always lie between us and the Sun.F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 15

Kepler's second law implies what about planetary motion?

Accepted Answer

A)  A planet moves at a constant speed during its orbit of the Sun.
B)  A planet moves faster when it is farther from the Sun.
C)  A planet moves slower when it is closer to the Sun.
D)  A planet moves faster when it is closer to the Sun.
E)  This law implies nothing about a planet's motion.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B) D

Question 16

Orbital speed is the speed with which a planet moves around the Sun. This speed isdetermined by:

Accepted Answer

A)  the mass of the planet only.
B)  the mass of the Sun only.
C)  both the mass of the planet and the mass of the Sun.
D)  the mass of the planet and its distance from the Sun.
E)  the mass of both the planet and the Sun and the distance between the two.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

How did Ptolemy explain the retrograde motion of Mars?

Accepted Answer

Mars will retrograde on the in...

Question 18

How would Ptolemy explain the rising of the Sun? Contrast this to Copernicus' explanation ofthe same event.

Accepted Answer

Ptolemy would say that the celestial sph...

Question 19

Which was a contribution to astronomy made by Copernicus?

Accepted Answer

A)  The planets move around the Sun in elliptical orbits.
B)  His theory of gravity accounted for the variable speeds of the planets.
C)  He laid out the order and relative motion of the known solar system.
D)  He discovered the Sun was not at the center of the Milky Way.
E)  His telescope revealed the four moons of Jupiter, a model solar system.F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 20

Relate Kepler's Second Law to the speeds of the planets.

Accepted Answer

In equal time intervals, the lines that ...

Exam 2: The Copernican Revolution: The Birth of Modern Science

Like the Sun and the Moon, the planets appear to move from west to east from one day to thenext.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how Copernicus would account for the retrograde loops of superior planets.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe Earth moves faster than th...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following was NOT included in Copernicus' heliocentric model?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A fatal flaw with Ptolemy's model is its inability to predict the observed phases of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Newton's third law, the Voyager probes pulled just as hard on Jupiter as it did onthem when they flew past it. Why were they accelerated enough to leave the solar system butJupiter still is in orbit about the Sun?

Correct AnswerverifiedJupiter was much more massive ...View AnswerShow Answer

A planet whose distance from the Sun is 3 A.U. would have an orbital period of how manyEarth-years?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these was NOT a telescopic discovery of Galileo?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The place in a planet's orbit that is closest to the Sun is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The eccentricity of a perfectly circular orbit is 1.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How much stronger is the gravitational pull of the Sun on Earth, at 1 A.U., than it is onSaturn at 10 A.U.?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

How does Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation explain Kepler's laws?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

Of all his laws, Kepler was proudest of the third. Why was it so appealing in his search forcosmic harmony?

Correct AnswerverifiedHe found a simple math relatio...View AnswerShow Answer

What contribution to astronomy was made by Tycho Brahe?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the statements below is part of both the Ptolemaic and Copernican models?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kepler's second law implies what about planetary motion?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Orbital speed is the speed with which a planet moves around the Sun. This speed isdetermined by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How did Ptolemy explain the retrograde motion of Mars?

Correct AnswerverifiedMars will retrograde on the in...View AnswerShow Answer

How would Ptolemy explain the rising of the Sun? Contrast this to Copernicus' explanation ofthe same event.

Correct AnswerverifiedPtolemy would say that the celestial sph...View AnswerShow Answer

Which was a contribution to astronomy made by Copernicus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Relate Kepler's Second Law to the speeds of the planets.

Correct AnswerverifiedIn equal time intervals, the lines that ...View AnswerShow Answer

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The Earth moves faster than th...
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Jupiter was much more massive ...
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D

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E

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He found a simple math relatio...
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D

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Mars will retrograde on the in...
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Ptolemy would say that the celestial sph...
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In equal time intervals, the lines that ...
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