Question 1

Neurotransmitters are important because they

Accepted Answer

A)  allow neurons to send signals to other neurons.
B)  maintain the oxygenation of the brain.
C)  connect and insulate neurons.
D)  allow the brain to maintain its structural integrity.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 2

The neurotransmitter associated with the inhibition of anxiety is

Accepted Answer

A)  norepinephrine.
B)  dopamine.
C)  serotonin.
D)  GABA.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 3

The synaptic cleft is the area between the

Accepted Answer

A)  soma of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron.
B)  axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron.
C)  axon of one neuron and the soma of another neuron.
D)  somas of two neurons.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

In an experiment by Kolb,Gibb,and Gorny (2003) ,animals of varying ages were placed in complex environments.Their findings suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)  the impact of the environment on the brain is different at varying stages of life.
B)  the impact of the environment on the brain is significant but uniform throughout the lifespan.
C)  environments that are beneficial to the aged may be harmful to the young.
D)  the environment has little effect on the brain throughout the lifespan.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 5

In the diathesis-stress model,"stress" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  life events, in combination with an inherited tendency, that trigger the onset of a disorder.
B)  Internal conflicts that trigger the onset of a disorder.
C)  The expression of defective genes.
D)  exposure to unusual and extreme situations that often lead to psychological disorders.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

Meno is 64 years old.Although continuously faced with considerable stress and difficulty in his life,he always displays an optimistic,upbeat attitude.According to research,Meno should

Accepted Answer

A)  probably live longer than those without such positive attitudes.
B)  develop a larger frontal lobe over time than those without such positive attitudes.
C)  be less likely to have heart disease than those without such positive attitudes
D)  Be more likely to be involved with positive community activities than those without such positive attitudes.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

The work of Albert Bandura regarding modeling helps us to understand the development of psychopathology because it demonstrates that animals

Accepted Answer

A)  can learn patterns of behavior by observing others.
B)  must learn through direct experience such as classical or operant conditioning.
C)  will only learn behavior patterns if they are reinforced by consistent rewards.
D)  acquire pathological traits by imitating the actions of others.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Recent evidence regarding genetic influence on most psychological disorders has shown that

Accepted Answer

A)  single culprit genes are usually responsible for psychological disorders.
B)  genes that influence psychopathology are usually recessive.
C)  there is no evidence that genes influence psychopathology.
D)  multiple genes interact, with each gene contributing a small effect.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 9

According to the diathesis-stress model,identical twins raised in the same household will

Accepted Answer

A)  not necessarily have the same disorders because of potential differences in their diathesis.
B)  have the same disorders because their diathesis and stress are exactly the same.
C)  not necessarily have the same disorders because of potential differences in their stress.
D)  have no more likelihood of sharing a disorder than any other two individuals randomly selected from the population.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

The part of the brain most associated with conscious thought and reasoning is the

Accepted Answer

A)  occipital lobe.
B)  brain stem.
C)  left parietal lobe.
D)  frontal lobe.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 11

The part of the brain that controls motor coordination is the

Accepted Answer

A)  reticular activating system (RAS) .
B)  medulla.
C)  pons.
D)  cerebellum.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Within the multidimensional integrative approach to understanding psychopathology,learned helplessness is considered a ______________ dimension.

Accepted Answer

A)  biological
B)  physiological
C)  emotional
D)  psychologicalE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glial cells are passive cells that serve to connect and insulate neurons.
B)  There are less glial cells than there are neurons.
C)  There are different types of glial cells with several specific functions.
D)  None of theseE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

In a study by Levy,Slade,Kunkel,& Kasl (2002) ,individuals between the ages of 50 and 94 who had positive views about themselves as well as positive attitudes toward aging

Accepted Answer

A)  had different brain structures from those without such positive attitudes.
B)  lived seven and a half years longer than those without such positive attitudes.
C)  were found to be less likely to have heart disease.
D)  were found to be more likely to be involved with positive community activities.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

The idea that our inherited tendencies influence the probability that we will encounter stressful life events is a characteristic of the

Accepted Answer

A)  diathesis-stress model.
B)  reciprocal gene-environment model.
C)  genetic model.
D)  psycho-social model.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Emotion is generally thought to be comprised of

Accepted Answer

A)  behavior, physiology, and cognition.
B)  mood and affect.
C)  Primarily cognition.
D)  Primarily physiology.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Describe learned helplessness.How is it developed in laboratory animals,and how does it help us to understand human depression?

Accepted Answer

Martin Seligman described the phenomenon...

Question 18

Cognitive-behavior therapy facilitates changes in thinking patterns in the cortex,which in turn affects the emotional brain in the lower brain.This is called

Accepted Answer

A)  confabulation.
B)  consolidation.
C)  top-down processing.
D)  bottom-up processing.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

The primary function of human capability for strong emotions appears to be

Accepted Answer

A)  survival.
B)  recreation.
C)  empathy.
D)  creativity.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Regarding the research on socialization and health,the safest conclusion is that

Accepted Answer

A)  social support is important, but more so for those individuals who are at high risk for various physical or psychological disorders.
B)  having a supportive group of people around us is important to our physical health but not our psychological well-being.
C)  having a supportive group of people around us is important to our psychological well-being but not our physical health.
D)  having a supportive group of people around us is one of the most important parts of maintaining our physical and mental health.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Exam 2: An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology.

The part of the brain most associated with conscious thought and reasoning is the

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Emotion is generally thought to be comprised of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The synaptic cleft is the area between the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the diathesis-stress model,identical twins raised in the same household will

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Meno is 64 years old.Although continuously faced with considerable stress and difficulty in his life,he always displays an optimistic,upbeat attitude.According to research,Meno should

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The neurotransmitter associated with the inhibition of anxiety is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The work of Albert Bandura regarding modeling helps us to understand the development of psychopathology because it demonstrates that animals

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Recent evidence regarding genetic influence on most psychological disorders has shown that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Within the multidimensional integrative approach to understanding psychopathology,learned helplessness is considered a ______________ dimension.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experiment by Kolb,Gibb,and Gorny (2003) ,animals of varying ages were placed in complex environments.Their findings suggest that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regarding the research on socialization and health,the safest conclusion is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The part of the brain that controls motor coordination is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the diathesis-stress model,"stress" refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary function of human capability for strong emotions appears to be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cognitive-behavior therapy facilitates changes in thinking patterns in the cortex,which in turn affects the emotional brain in the lower brain.This is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The idea that our inherited tendencies influence the probability that we will encounter stressful life events is a characteristic of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe learned helplessness.How is it developed in laboratory animals,and how does it help us to understand human depression?

Correct AnswerverifiedMartin Seligman described the phenomenon...View AnswerShow Answer

Neurotransmitters are important because they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a study by Levy,Slade,Kunkel,& Kasl (2002) ,individuals between the ages of 50 and 94 who had positive views about themselves as well as positive attitudes toward aging

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Martin Seligman described the phenomenon...
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