Question 1

_____ refers to persons who do not identify with any gender category.

Accepted Answer

A)   Agender
B)   Transgender
C)   Genderqueer
D)   Gender-fluidE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 2

A class of steroid hormones that normally occur at slightly higher levels in males than in females and that affect physical development and functioning from the prenatal period onward are

Accepted Answer

A)   androgens.
B)   estrogens.
C)   pheromones.
D)   spermones.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Sam was born a biological male and can identify as male or female, depending on the context. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   cisgender.
B)   transgender.
C)   genderqueer.
D)   gender-fluid.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

In comparison with the brains of males, the brains of females have

Accepted Answer

A)   small differences in physical structure.
B)   less dense nerve connections in the area of the brain associated with linguistic processing.
C)   greater hemispheric specialization.
D)   a larger area of the brain associated with processing spatial information.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Gender differences in children's academic achievement appear to be influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)   teachers' higher expectations of school achievement for boys than for girls.
B)   the spatial nature of activities more likely to be favored by boys than by girls.
C)   girls' endorsement of traditional femininity being associated with greater school performance.
D)   parents encouraging academic achievement in boys rather than girls.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 6

According to the _____, children are apt to form generalized beliefs or stereotypes about their gender ingroup based on their own personal-social attributes.

Accepted Answer

A)   social identity theory
B)   stereotype emulation hypothesis
C)   stereotype construction hypothesis
D)   identity construction hypothesisE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 7

Gender differences in which dimension tend to be of medium size during childhood?

Accepted Answer

A)   activity level
B)   verbal ability
C)   risk taking
D)   verbal aggressionE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 8

The tendency for people to evaluate individuals and characteristics of the group to which they belong as superior to those of the other group is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   ingroup assimilation.
B)   ingroup bias.
C)   outgroup assimilation.
D)   outgroup bias.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Which statement about parents' influences on boys' and girls' cognitive development and achievement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Parents' beliefs about boys' and girls' potential are similar for male and female children until children begin to display gender-typed differences in interests or achievement.
B)   Parents of males and parents of females tend to have similar rates of verbal interaction with their children.
C)   Parents communicate gender-stereotyped expectations through differential encouragement.
D)   Parents tend to be more lenient with daughters in comparison to sons, helping daughters mature earlier than sons.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

When a person identifies with both feminine and masculine gender categories, they are

Accepted Answer

A)   cisgender.
B)   bigender.
C)   genderqueer.
D)   gender-fluid.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 11

A characteristic that is NOT more likely to be a component of the norms of girls' peer groups than of the norms of boys' peer groups in middle childhood is

Accepted Answer

A)   self-reliance.
B)   collaboration.
C)   emotional sharing.
D)   intimacy.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Levels of which activity would MOST likely be positively associated with the level of androgens in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)   parenting play
B)   cooperation
C)   physical aggression
D)   empathyE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

The onset of the capacity for ejaculation is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   adrenarche.
B)   menarche.
C)   spermarche.
D)   puberty.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Describe the process by which cognitive and motivational influences might influence gender differences in aggression. Provide at least two examples.

Accepted Answer

Average gender differences in empathy an...

Question 15

Which statement about the general intelligence of girls and boys is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)   More boys' scores than girls' scores fall at the lower range of intelligence scores.
B)   More boys' scores than girls' scores fall at the upper range of intelligence scores.
C)   The general intellectual performance of boys and girls tends to be equivalent.
D)   Girls have higher intelligence than boys regardless of how intelligence is measured.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Five-year-old John is shown two toys. He is told the first toy, a type of machine that he has never before seen, is "for girls." He is told the second toy, a type of kitchen apparatus that he has never before seen, is "for boys." John is MOST likely to play with

Accepted Answer

A)   the machine.
B)   the kitchen apparatus.
C)   both toys equally.
D)   neither toy, as he will be confused about which one is appropriate for him.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 17

A sense of belonging to one's gender ingroup is termed

Accepted Answer

A)   felt gender typicality.
B)   collaboration.
C)   gender schema.
D)   gender typing.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

The process of gender socialization is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   sex typing.
B)   gender typing.
C)   sex education.
D)   gender education.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 19

Of these influences, which appears to be the initial source of gender segregation?

Accepted Answer

A)   establishment of gender constancy
B)   peer pressure
C)   differences in behavioral styles and interests
D)   parent and teacher effortsE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

When researchers asked adults to watch a video of two children whose gender they could not identify and then to rate the children's level of aggression, the adults who believed that _____ rated the children as least aggressive.

Accepted Answer

A)   the children were both boys
B)   the children were both girls
C)   one child was a boy and one was a girl
D)   they could not determine the sex of the childrenE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Exam 15: Gender Development

When researchers asked adults to watch a video of two children whose gender they could not identify and then to rate the children's level of aggression, the adults who believed that _____ rated the children as least aggressive.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sam was born a biological male and can identify as male or female, depending on the context. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A class of steroid hormones that normally occur at slightly higher levels in males than in females and that affect physical development and functioning from the prenatal period onward are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gender differences in which dimension tend to be of medium size during childhood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a person identifies with both feminine and masculine gender categories, they are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In comparison with the brains of males, the brains of females have

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Five-year-old John is shown two toys. He is told the first toy, a type of machine that he has never before seen, is "for girls." He is told the second toy, a type of kitchen apparatus that he has never before seen, is "for boys." John is MOST likely to play with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ refers to persons who do not identify with any gender category.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A characteristic that is NOT more likely to be a component of the norms of girls' peer groups than of the norms of boys' peer groups in middle childhood is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the process by which cognitive and motivational influences might influence gender differences in aggression. Provide at least two examples.

Correct AnswerverifiedAverage gender differences in empathy an...View AnswerShow Answer

Which statement about the general intelligence of girls and boys is NOT true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency for people to evaluate individuals and characteristics of the group to which they belong as superior to those of the other group is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the _____, children are apt to form generalized beliefs or stereotypes about their gender ingroup based on their own personal-social attributes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process of gender socialization is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gender differences in children's academic achievement appear to be influenced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of these influences, which appears to be the initial source of gender segregation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A sense of belonging to one's gender ingroup is termed

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The onset of the capacity for ejaculation is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Levels of which activity would MOST likely be positively associated with the level of androgens in the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement about parents' influences on boys' and girls' cognitive development and achievement is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Average gender differences in empathy an...
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