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Exam 3: Energy,Chemical Reactions,and Cellular Respiration

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Question 51

Multiple Choice

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Phosphorylation is carried out by a

A) kinase,and it results in the negative feedback inhibition of an enzyme.
B) kinase,and it may activate some enzymes and inhibit others.
C) phosphatase,and it results in the negative feedback inhibition of an enzyme.
D) phosphatase,and it may activate some enzymes and inhibit others.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Question 52

Multiple Choice

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Hexokinase is an enzyme involved in cellular respiration and its substrate is glucose.Considering this information,hexokinase must be located

A) in the lumen of the stomach.
B) in the lumen of the small intestine.
C) inside the mitochondria of cells.
D) in the cytosol of cells.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Question 53

Multiple Choice

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During electron transport,how many ATP can be generated from the energy contributed by a molecule of NADH

The reaction by which lactate is formed from pyruvate is catalyzed by lactate __________.

ATP formation

During the early steps of glycolysis,glucose is converted to glucose 6-P,and then glucose 6-P is converted directly to

The enzyme that harnesses the energy of H⁺diffusion down its concentration gradient within a mitochondrion to make high-energy molecules for the cell is

The region of an enzyme into which the substrate fits is a

When a car burns gasoline,the majority of the gasoline's chemical energy is transformed to sound and heat.

The citric acid cycle involves

During decarboxylation,NAD⁺is formed from NADH.

In the first step of the electron transport chain,the coenzymes NADH and FADH₂are oxidized.

The binding of ATP to phosphofructokinase inhibits the glycolytic pathway.

Cold temperatures (below 36 ^$\circ$ C)denature proteins,which is why biochemistry labs never freeze enzymes.

Glucose oxidation is exergonic.

In order for a reaction to occur,energy is needed to break the bonds that already exist in the reactant molecules;that energy is called the _________ energy.

Imagine that you discovered an enzyme in the human stomach that turned the substrate "ABC" into the product "XYZ".Name this enzyme (using the standard convention)and describe its chemical characteristics.Under what conditions would it be an effective catalyst How might its activity be regulated

In substrate-level phosphorylation,energy is first released to coenzymes and then transferred to form ATP.

Explain the relationship between activation energy and reaction rate.For example,how would an increase in activation energy affect reaction rate How do biological systems differ from lab settings when considering these chemical variables

Compare and contrast chemical energy and radiant energy.Into which broad category of energy (kinetic or potential)does each fit What are two examples of each type of energy that relate to human physiology