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Average variable cost will decrease if __________.

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marginal c...

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Total cost is the


A) amount a firm receives for the sale of its output.
B) fixed cost less variable cost.
C) market value of the inputs a firm uses in production.
D) quantity of output minus the quantity of inputs used to make a good.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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If a firm produces nothing, it still incurs its fixed costs.

A) True
B) False

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Table 13-13 Teacher's Helper is a small company that has a subcontract to produce instructional materials for disabled children in public school districts. The owner rents several small rooms in an office building in the suburbs for $600 a month and has leased computer equipment that costs $480 a month. Table 13-13 Teacher's Helper is a small company that has a subcontract to produce instructional materials for disabled children in public school districts. The owner rents several small rooms in an office building in the suburbs for $600 a month and has leased computer equipment that costs $480 a month.   -Refer to Table 13-13. How many instructional modules are produced when marginal cost is $1,300? A) 4 B) 5 C) 7 D) 8 -Refer to Table 13-13. How many instructional modules are produced when marginal cost is $1,300?


A) 4
B) 5
C) 7
D) 8

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Table 13-16 Listed in the table are the long-run total costs for three different firms. Table 13-16 Listed in the table are the long-run total costs for three different firms.   -Refer to Table 13-16. Which firm is experiencing constant returns to scale? A) Firm A only B) Firm B only C) Firm C only D) Firm A and Firm B only -Refer to Table 13-16. Which firm is experiencing constant returns to scale?


A) Firm A only
B) Firm B only
C) Firm C only
D) Firm A and Firm B only

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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For a large firm that produces and sells automobiles, which of the following costs would be a variable cost?


A) the $20 million payment that the firm pays each year for accounting services
B) the cost of the steel that is used in producing automobiles
C) the rent that the firm pays for office space in a suburb of St. Louis
D) All of the above are correct.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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A firm that wants to achieve economies of scale could do so by


A) assigning limited tasks to its employees, so they can master those tasks.
B) employing a smaller number of workers.
C) producing a smaller quantity of output.
D) producing an output level higher than the efficient scale.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Adam Smith's example of the pin factory demonstrates that economies of scale result from specialization.

A) True
B) False

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The typical total-cost curve is U-shaped.

A) True
B) False

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Describe the relationship between average variable cost and average total cost. How are the general shapes of the AVC and ATC curves related?

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ATC = AVC + AFC, so the vertical distanc...

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Table 13-6 Wooden Chair Factory Table 13-6 Wooden Chair Factory   -Refer to Table 13-6. Each worker at the Wooden Chair Factory costs $12 per hour. The cost of each machine is $20 per day regardless of the number of chairs produced. What is the total daily cost of producing at a rate of 55 chairs per hour if the factory operates 8 hours per day? A) $480 B) $576 C) $520 D) $616 -Refer to Table 13-6. Each worker at the Wooden Chair Factory costs $12 per hour. The cost of each machine is $20 per day regardless of the number of chairs produced. What is the total daily cost of producing at a rate of 55 chairs per hour if the factory operates 8 hours per day?


A) $480
B) $576
C) $520
D) $616

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Figure 13-3 Figure 13-3   -Refer to Figure 13-3. The graph illustrates a typical total cost curve. Based on its shape, what does the corresponding production function look like? A) an upward-sloping curve that increases at an increasing rate B) an upward-sloping curve that increases at a decreasing rate C) a downward-sloping curve D) a horizontal straight line -Refer to Figure 13-3. The graph illustrates a typical total cost curve. Based on its shape, what does the corresponding production function look like?


A) an upward-sloping curve that increases at an increasing rate
B) an upward-sloping curve that increases at a decreasing rate
C) a downward-sloping curve
D) a horizontal straight line

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Economies of scale occur when a firm's


A) marginal costs are constant as output increases.
B) long-run average total costs are decreasing as output increases.
C) long-run average total costs are increasing as output increases.
D) marginal costs are equal to average total costs for all levels of output.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Marginal costs are costs that do not vary with the quantity of output produced.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following expressions is correct?


A) accounting profit = economic profit + implicit costs
B) accounting profit = total revenue - implicit costs
C) economic profit = accounting profit + explicit costs
D) economic profit = total revenue - implicit costs

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Economies of scale arise when


A) an economy is self-sufficient in production.
B) individuals in a society are self-sufficient.
C) fixed costs are large relative to variable costs.
D) workers are able to specialize in a particular task.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following explains why long-run average cost at first decreases as output increases?


A) diseconomies of scale
B) less-efficient use of inputs
C) fixed costs becoming spread out over more units of output
D) gains from specialization of inputs

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Economists normally assume that the goal of a firm is to earn (i) profits as large as possible, even if it means reducing output. (ii) profits as large as possible, even if it means incurring a higher total cost. (iii) revenues as large as possible, even if it reduces profits.


A) (i) and (ii) only
B) (i) and (iii) only
C) (ii) and (iii) only
D) (i) , (ii) , and (iii)

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The Big Blue Sky jet company has long-run total costs of $20 million if it produces 5 jets and long-run total costs of $24 million if it produces 6 jets. The Big Blue Sky jet company is experiencing


A) economies of scale.
B) constant returns to scale.
C) diseconomies of scale.
D) negative profits.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Scenario 13-16 Barney builds custom wooden birdhouses. He can make 150 birdhouses per month and sell them for $50 each. His average total cost is $30 per birdhouse. -Refer to Scenario 13-16. Barney is considering hiring his best friend Fred to work for him. Fred can build 125 birdhouses per month. If Barney hires Fred, what will be the monthly total output of his birdhouse business?


A) 25 birdhouses
B) 125 birdhouses
C) 150 birdhouses
D) 275 birdhouses

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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