Question 1

Gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from fats and proteins, is due to the action of ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)   cortisol
B)   insulin
C)   secretin
D)   aldosteroneE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Define synergism in hormone interaction at target cells and give an example.

Accepted Answer

Synergism occurs when more than one horm...

Question 3

Glucagon and insulin both target the cells of the liver and are both made in the pancreas, yet they have very different effects on the cells they target. What accounts for this fact?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon and insulin...

Question 4

Enteroendocrine cells of the GI tract produce some hormones that are chemically identical to neurotransmitters.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to___________ .

Accepted Answer

A)   cortisol
B)   testosterone
C)   epinephrine
D)   estrogenE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Which of the following hormones suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

A)   gastrin
B)   secretin
C)   aldosterone
D)   leptinE) None of the above
F) B) and C) D

Question 7

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)  ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)   increases urine production
B)   promotes dehydration
C)   secretion is inhibited by alcohol
D)   is produced by the anterior pituitaryE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

All anterior pituitary hormones EXCEPT growth hormone affect their target cells via a cyclic AMP
second-messenger system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Enterochromaffin-like cells of the gastric mucosa can be triggered to release histamine. Histamine, in this case, causes nearby parietal cells of the stomach lining to produce hydrochloric acid. The effect of histamine on parietal cells would best be described as a(n)  ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   second messenger
B)   exocrine
C)   paracrine
D)   autocrineE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Growth hormone solely exerts its influence by targeting other endocrine glands to produce hormones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

John is a 26-year-old man who begins to notice a progressive enlargement of feet, hands, cranium, nose, and lower jaw bone. His doctor recommends a pituitary gland operation. What is the most likely diagnosis? Why?

Accepted Answer

The diagnosis is acromegaly. T...

Question 12

A person who drinks a lot of alcoholic beverages must urinate frequently. Why?

Accepted Answer

The function of ADH is to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys, producing concentrated urine. Alcohol inhibits ADH secretion, causing copious urine output.

Question 13

Dave has discovered a new lipid-soluble hormone. Which of the following is true regarding this hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)   will likely act through a second-messenger system
B)   receptor will be located on the plasma membrane
C)   will be bound to a transport protein in the blood
D)   can be stored in secretory vesiclesE) None of the above
F) A) and B) C

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a steroid-based hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)   epinephrine
B)   aldosterone
C)   estrogen
D)   cortisolE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

It was often rumored that one of our deceased presidents was suffering from Addison's disease (inadequate synthesis of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids). What symptoms may have led to the diagnosis of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Low body weight, low plasma gl...

Question 16

Iodine is an essential element required for the synthesis of thyroxine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The major targets of growth hormone are ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the liver and gall bladder
B)   the blood vessels
C)   liver, bones, and skeletal muscles
D)   the thyroid and adrenal glandsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Melatonin ____________ .

Accepted Answer

A)   is responsible for regulating the sleep cycle
B)   triggers sexual maturation and puberty
C)   is produced by the parathyroid glands
D)   is at its highest levels at around noonE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 19

Virtually all amino acid-based hormones exert their signaling effects through intracellular___________.

Accepted Answer

A)   nucleotides
B)   calcium
C)   deactivating ions
D)   second messengersE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a typical result of a long-term stress response?

Accepted Answer

A)   loss of muscle mass
B)   decreased production of glucocorticoids
C)   impaired immune function
D)   elevated blood pressureE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Exam 16: The Endocrine System

Gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from fats and proteins, is due to the action of ___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Define synergism in hormone interaction at target cells and give an example.

Correct AnswerverifiedSynergism occurs when more than one horm...View AnswerShow Answer

Glucagon and insulin both target the cells of the liver and are both made in the pancreas, yet they have very different effects on the cells they target. What accounts for this fact?

Correct AnswerverifiedGlucagon and insulin...View AnswerShow Answer

Enteroendocrine cells of the GI tract produce some hormones that are chemically identical to neurotransmitters.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to___________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following hormones suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All anterior pituitary hormones EXCEPT growth hormone affect their target cells via a cyclic AMP second-messenger system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Enterochromaffin-like cells of the gastric mucosa can be triggered to release histamine. Histamine, in this case, causes nearby parietal cells of the stomach lining to produce hydrochloric acid. The effect of histamine on parietal cells would best be described as a(n) ____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Growth hormone solely exerts its influence by targeting other endocrine glands to produce hormones.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John is a 26-year-old man who begins to notice a progressive enlargement of feet, hands, cranium, nose, and lower jaw bone. His doctor recommends a pituitary gland operation. What is the most likely diagnosis? Why?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe diagnosis is acromegaly. T...View AnswerShow Answer

A person who drinks a lot of alcoholic beverages must urinate frequently. Why?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe function of ADH is to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys, producing concentrated urine. Alcohol inhibits ADH secretion, causing copious urine output.

Dave has discovered a new lipid-soluble hormone. Which of the following is true regarding this hormone?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Which of the following is NOT a steroid-based hormone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It was often rumored that one of our deceased presidents was suffering from Addison's disease (inadequate synthesis of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids). What symptoms may have led to the diagnosis of this condition?

Correct AnswerverifiedLow body weight, low plasma gl...View AnswerShow Answer

Iodine is an essential element required for the synthesis of thyroxine.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The major targets of growth hormone are ___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Melatonin ____________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Virtually all amino acid-based hormones exert their signaling effects through intracellular___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a typical result of a long-term stress response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Synergism occurs when more than one horm...
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Glucagon and insulin...
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D

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The diagnosis is acromegaly. T...
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The function of ADH is to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys, producing concentrated urine. Alcohol inhibits ADH secretion, causing copious urine output.

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C

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Low body weight, low plasma gl...
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