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Exam 13: Transcription

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Question 21

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Describe three ways that eukaryotic transcription initiation is different from prokaryotic transcription initiation.

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1. Promoter complexity: Eukaryotic trans...

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Question 22

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In prokaryotes, a group of genes that are usually transcribed following a specific stimulus is organized as an "operon" under a single shared promoter (Chapter 16; see the figure below) . The result of the transcription of the genes in the presence of a stimulus would generate a:

A) crRNA.
B) miRNA.
C) polycistronic mRNA.
D) rRNA.
E) siRNA.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Question 23

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Whereas the nucleotide strand used for transcription is termed the _____, the nontranscribed strand is called the _____.

What may be the consequence of a mutation in the gene that encodes eukaryotic Rat1 exonuclease for eukaryotic transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II?

You analyze a newly cloned eukaryotic gene by comparing the DNA sequence of the gene to the sequence of the transcribed RNA and find that it does not contain recognizable promoter sequences upstream of its coding sequence. How can you explain this result, and how might you confirm your hypothesis?

Your goal is to achieve a high level of transcription-a level similar to its in vivo levels-of a eukaryotic gene in an in vitro transcription system. You add the DNA template for this gene, which contains the following, to the in vitro transcription system: a TATA box sequence located -25 to -30 bp upstream of the transcription start site, the sequence for the gene, and terminator sequences. How would you interpret the result if you do not get high levels of RNA transcription, and what corrective measures would you take to achieve your goal?

In eukaryotes, which RNA polymerase transcribes the genes that encode proteins?

What would you add to an in vitro transcription system that contains a Drosophila gene for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme in glycolysis, in order to get basal transcription?

In eukaryotic cells, where does the basal transcription apparatus bind?

Which of the following is NOT required for transcription?

Which process is illustrated in the diagram below?

If you remove the TATA box and place it immediately upstream of a transcription start site of a eukaryotic gene and subsequently transcription of the mRNA is assayed, will you still achieve transcription from the same start site?

Mutations in which of the following regions upstream of the RNA coding sequence are LEAST likely to affect the transcription of a gene?

What would you add to an in vitro transcription system that contains an E. coli gene for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme in glycolysis, in order to get transcription that begins from the normal transcription start site?

The discovery of ribozymes led to the theory that the evolution of life on Earth began with an "RNA world." What properties of proteins and DNA make them more suitable than RNA as enzymes and the cell's genetic material?

An in vitro system to detect transcription initiation functions in protein extracts from either eukaryotic or archaebacterial cells is added. Initiation does not occur if extracts from eubacterial cells are added. What does the protein extract contain? Explain the results using the different sources of protein extracts.

In transcription, to which end of the elongating strand are nucleotides always added?

Which of the following types of RNA gets translated?

An RNA molecule has the following percentage of bases: A = 15%, U = 30%, C = 20%, and G = 35%. a. Is this RNA single stranded or double stranded? How can you tell based on the base composition? b. What would be the percentage of bases in the template strand of the DNA that encodes this RNA molecule?

Compare and contrast the operation of promoters and enhancers in affecting transcription of genes in eukaryotes. Include a discussion of how they operate and from what positions with respect to the transcription initiation site and the roles of each in bringing about and regulating transcription.