Question 1

What is the first step in cladogenesis? Give an example of how this might occur.

Accepted Answer

The first step in cladogenesis, also kno...

Question 2

Which reproductive isolating mechanism is exhibited by two different species of tree frogs when their males vocalize their distinct mating songs at the same time in the same forest?

Accepted Answer

A)   prezygotic ecological
B)   postzygotic
C)   prezygotic behavioral
D)   prezygotic temporal
E)   prezygotic mechanicalF) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 3

_____ represent the evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms.

Accepted Answer

A)   Alignments
B)   Nodes
C)   Synonymous rates of substitution
D)   Phylogenetic trees
E)   Species conceptsF) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 4

Which reproductive isolating mechanism is exhibited by two different species of flowers, where one is pollinated by butterflies and another by bees?

Accepted Answer

A)   prezygotic ecological
B)   postzygotic
C)   prezygotic behavioral
D)   prezygotic temporal
E)   prezygotic mechanicalF) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 5

A(n)  _____ tree is one that contains a node representing the common ancestor to all other nodes in the tree.

Accepted Answer

A)   gene
B)   phylogenetic
C)   outgroup
D)   most parsimonious
E)   rootedF) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 6

Based on careful inspection of the genetic code, why might the second position of a codon have the lowest rate of substitutions in a gene?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on careful inspection of the genetic...

Question 7

The balance hypothesis does NOT suggest that:

Accepted Answer

A)   genetic variation in a population is mostly maintained by natural selection.
B)   overdominance is one type of natural selection favoring the maintenance of genetic variation.
C)   most molecular variants are not functionally equivalent.
D)   levels of genetic variation are increased by the role of natural selection.
E)   genetic drift and mutation are both important in determining levels of genetic variation within a population.F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 8

Of the various evolutionary forces, _____ is responsible for the origin of new genetic variation in a species.

Accepted Answer

A)   natural selection
B)   genetic drift
C)   mutation
D)   migration
E)   nonrandom matingF) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 9

Which of the following markers is NOT used to investigate genetic variation in natural populations?

Accepted Answer

A)   DNA sequence
B)   RFLP
C)   microsatellite
D)   isotope
E)   allozymeF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 10

_____ is BEST known for developing the concept of biological species.

Accepted Answer

A)   Mendel
B)   Darwin
C)   Mayr
D)   Fisher
E)   LinnaeusF) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 11

For most protein-encoding genes, the synonymous rate of change is considerably higher than the nonsynonymous rate. In comparing two taxa, how might you interpret the evolutionary history of a gene if the nonsynonymous rate of change was higher than the synonymous rate?

Accepted Answer

For most protein-encoding genes, the syn...

Question 12

How might gene duplication provide a mechanism for the addition of new genes with novel functions?

Accepted Answer

Gene duplication is a fundamental evolut...

Question 13

Evolution can be defined as _____ change that takes place in a(n)  _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   any; individual
B)   a genetic; individual
C)   any; group of organisms
D)   a genetic; group of organisms
E)   All of the answers are correct.F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 14

_____ characteristics evolved from the same character in a common ancestor.

Accepted Answer

A)   Similar
B)   Paralogous
C)   Homologous
D)   Phylogenetic
E)   ParsimoniousF) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

Can different species have very few visible morphological differences or none at all?

Accepted Answer

A)   no, because different species must have distinct, visible morphological differences
B)   yes, if they are not under selection to evolve such differences (cryptic species) 
C)   yes, if they are hybrids of other species
D)   yes, when their DNA is identical
E)   no, because their DNA is not identical, and phenotype must always reflect genotypeF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 16

_____ speciation arises in the absence of any geographic barrier to gene flow.

Accepted Answer

A)   Autocratic
B)   Allopatric
C)   Sympatric
D)   Parapatric
E)   PeripatricF) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 17

Is the buildup of reproductive barriers in two allopatric populations the result of natural selection for reproductive isolation?

Accepted Answer

The buildup of reproductive barriers in ...

Question 18

Support for evolution is NOT found in

Accepted Answer

A)   comparative anatomy.
B)   the fossil record.
C)   the distributions of species (biogeography) .
D)   direct observation such as the evolution of pesticide resistance.
E)   the change an organism undergoes as it ages.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 19

In the phylogeny of Darwin's finches (Figure 26.6, below) , which species serves as an outgroup?

Accepted Answer

A)   Pinaroloxias inornata
B)   Geospiza fortis
C)   Geospiza conirostris
D)   Geospiza difficilis
E)   Certhidea olivaceaF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

Based on Figure 26.11 (below) , which pair of genes was the EARLIEST to diverge?

Accepted Answer

A)   sea bass PRL and tilapia PRL2
B)   sea bass PRL and eel PRL
C)   sea bass PRL and tilapia PRL1
D)   eel PRL and catfish PRL
E)   catfish PRL and carp PRLF) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Exam 26: Evolutionary Genetics

Support for evolution is NOT found in

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Is the buildup of reproductive barriers in two allopatric populations the result of natural selection for reproductive isolation?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe buildup of reproductive barriers in ...View AnswerShow Answer

A(n) _____ tree is one that contains a node representing the common ancestor to all other nodes in the tree.

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_____ is BEST known for developing the concept of biological species.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the various evolutionary forces, _____ is responsible for the origin of new genetic variation in a species.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the phylogeny of Darwin's finches (Figure 26.6, below) , which species serves as an outgroup?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How might gene duplication provide a mechanism for the addition of new genes with novel functions?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIGene duplication is a fundamental evolut...View AnswerShow Answer

Which reproductive isolating mechanism is exhibited by two different species of tree frogs when their males vocalize their distinct mating songs at the same time in the same forest?

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Evolution can be defined as _____ change that takes place in a(n) _____.

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_____ characteristics evolved from the same character in a common ancestor.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on Figure 26.11 (below) , which pair of genes was the EARLIEST to diverge?

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What is the first step in cladogenesis? Give an example of how this might occur.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe first step in cladogenesis, also kno...View AnswerShow Answer

For most protein-encoding genes, the synonymous rate of change is considerably higher than the nonsynonymous rate. In comparing two taxa, how might you interpret the evolutionary history of a gene if the nonsynonymous rate of change was higher than the synonymous rate?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIFor most protein-encoding genes, the syn...View AnswerShow Answer

The balance hypothesis does NOT suggest that:

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Which of the following markers is NOT used to investigate genetic variation in natural populations?

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Based on careful inspection of the genetic code, why might the second position of a codon have the lowest rate of substitutions in a gene?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ speciation arises in the absence of any geographic barrier to gene flow.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ represent the evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Can different species have very few visible morphological differences or none at all?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which reproductive isolating mechanism is exhibited by two different species of flowers, where one is pollinated by butterflies and another by bees?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The buildup of reproductive barriers in ...
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Gene duplication is a fundamental evolut...
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Evolution can be defined as _ change that takes place in a(n) _.

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The first step in cladogenesis, also kno...
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For most protein-encoding genes, the syn...
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