Question 1

Which of the vertebrates senses is the least well understood?

Accepted Answer

A)  electroreception
B)  magnetoreception
C)  vision
D)  hearingE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Which of the following stimuli do vertebrates NOT have a specialized receptor for?

Accepted Answer

A)  hearing
B)  taste
C)  smell
D)  humidityE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Misexpression of the Pax6 gene was shown to promote eye development in both vertebrates and invertebrates.The authors of this study suggested that this was evidence that eyes evolved only once.What other evidence contradicts this view?

Accepted Answer

A)  Invertebrates normally have only simple eyespots.
B)  Many different transcription factors can initiate eye development when misexpressed.
C)  While the anatomy of all animal eyes is the same, lens proteins vary greatly.
D)  The anatomical structure of insect, mollusk, and vertebrate eyes are quite different.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Pain receptors are activated by tissue damage, but pain perception requires intact, functional neurons.How does this work?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nociceptor neurons have special membrane repair mechanisms.
B)  The nociceptor neuron only sends action potentials as it is dying.
C)  The axon continues to fire action potentials despite damage to the cell body.
D)  The neuron itself does not need to be damaged; it responds to signals released by nearby damaged cells.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Researchers studying olfactory and taste receptors have stumbled upon an unusual phenomenon.These receptor proteins are sometimes expressed in other animal tissues in addition to the nose or tongue.For example, the sweet taste receptor T1R2 is expressed in the pancreas.Suggest the best possible explanation for these findings.

Accepted Answer

A)  Damaged receptors are recycled by the body and end up in waste-disposal organs.
B)  Control of protein expression is imperfect.As long as a receptor doesn't interfere with organ function, expression will not be selected against.
C)  Chemoreceptors bind molecules that help the body sense and respond to internal phenomena, such as sugar levels in the blood.
D)  Techniques used to visualize protein expression are imperfect and may lead to false positive results.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

One patient at your audiology clinic has an actin defect, and another patient has a microtubule defect.How might these defects affect the function of their hair cells in hearing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neither actin nor microtubule mutations will disrupt hair cell cilia function.
B)  Only the actin mutation will affect hair cell cilia function.
C)  Only the microtubule mutation will affect hair cell cilia function.
D)  Both can create problems in hair cell cilia function.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Which sequence of events is required for the brain to interpret sound? I.Vibration of the basilar membrane relative to the tectorial membrane causes cilia on hair cells to bend and triggers depolarization.II.Hair cells stimulate the production of action potentials in sensory neurons that project to the brain.III.Ganglion cell axons transmit action potentials to the occipital lobe.

Accepted Answer

A)  II then I
B)  III then I then II
C)  III then I
D)  I then IIE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

After your eye exam, the optometrist breaks the bad news: "Your lens is a little too flat, and as a result it is focuses the image just in front of your retina." What kind of vision do you have?

Accepted Answer

A)  astigmatism
B)  nearsighted
C)  farsighted
D)  night-blindnessE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Which correctly represents the sequence of steps involved to convey sensory information to the CNS?

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulation and ion flow through the synaptic cleft
B)  neurotransmitter release and interpretation
C)  neurotransmitter release and ion flow through the synaptic cleft
D)  stimulation, transduction, transmission, and interpretationE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding vision is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vertebrate rods and cones hyperpolarize in response to light.
B)  Insects and birds can often see into the ultraviolet range.
C)  Bright light will often produce action potentials in both rods and cones.
D)  Rhodopsin is found in the membrane of rods.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Which of the following receptors does not trigger depolarization of a sensory neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanoreceptors
B)  G-protein receptors
C)  chemoreceptors
D)  photoreceptorsE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

In what order will you encounter the following structures if you examine the human ear from the outside inward?

Accepted Answer

A)  tympanic membrane  →\rightarrow→  malleus  →\rightarrow→ incus  →\rightarrow→  stapes  →\rightarrow→ oval window  →\rightarrow→  cochlea
B)  tympanic membrane  →\rightarrow→  incus  →\rightarrow→ malleus  →\rightarrow→  stapes  →\rightarrow→  oval window  →\rightarrow→  cochlea
C)  tympanic membrane  →\rightarrow→  stapes  →\rightarrow→ malleus  →\rightarrow→  incus  →\rightarrow→ oval window  →\rightarrow→  cochlea
D)  tympanic membrane  →\rightarrow→  malleus  →\rightarrow→ incus →\rightarrow→  stapes  →\rightarrow→  cochlea  →\rightarrow→ oval window E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Because small quantities of powerful explosives can be hidden easily, a sensor that could detect trace amounts of illicit chemicals would be a useful tool.What animal sensory modality is exquisitely sensitive to minute quantities of airborne chemicals?

Accepted Answer

A)  olfaction
B)  taste
C)  vision
D)  hearingE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 14

Which sensory modality responds to the broadest range of molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  TRP channels
B)  Taste
C)  Smell
D)  VisionE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Visual acuity is highest when an image is focused on what part of the retina?

Accepted Answer

A)  rods outside the fovea
B)  cones outside the fovea
C)  rods within the fovea
D)  cones within the foveaE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

If genetically engineered bees could express a receptor for TNT in their olfactory neurons, how would the bees respond to the presence of TNT?

Accepted Answer

A)  It would ignore the stimulus.
B)  It would be attracted.
C)  It would be repelled.
D)  It would depend on which olfactory neuron expresses the transgene.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Which is NOT a stimulus that interoceptors can sense?

Accepted Answer

A)  limb position
B)  pain
C)  gravity
D)  body temperatureE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Which is NOT a stimulus that the simplest sensory receptors, free nerve endings, will respond to?

Accepted Answer

A)  bending of the sensory neuron membrane
B)  changes in temperature
C)  changes in the oxygen content of the extracellular fluid
D)  release of odorants from freshly baked breadE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

What are the sensory structures that enable invertebrates to determine the orientation of the body with respect to gravity called?

Accepted Answer

A)  carotid bodies
B)  statocysts
C)  Ruffini endings
D)  baroreceptorsE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 20

What is the most likely hypothesis for the presence of TRP channel agonists in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  to speed up or slow down chemical reactions in the plant
B)  to warm or cool the plant, depending on the season
C)  to discourage feeding by herbivorous insects or mammals
D)  to encourage human cultivationE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Exam 44: Sensory Systems

Which of the following stimuli do vertebrates NOT have a specialized receptor for?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following receptors does not trigger depolarization of a sensory neuron?

Correct Answer
verified

Which is NOT a stimulus that interoceptors can sense?

Correct Answer
verified

What are the sensory structures that enable invertebrates to determine the orientation of the body with respect to gravity called?

Correct Answer
verified

Misexpression of the Pax6 gene was shown to promote eye development in both vertebrates and invertebrates.The authors of this study suggested that this was evidence that eyes evolved only once.What other evidence contradicts this view?

Correct Answer
verified

One patient at your audiology clinic has an actin defect, and another patient has a microtubule defect.How might these defects affect the function of their hair cells in hearing?

Correct Answer
verified

After your eye exam, the optometrist breaks the bad news: "Your lens is a little too flat, and as a result it is focuses the image just in front of your retina." What kind of vision do you have?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which is NOT a stimulus that the simplest sensory receptors, free nerve endings, will respond to?

Correct Answer
verified

Visual acuity is highest when an image is focused on what part of the retina?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the most likely hypothesis for the presence of TRP channel agonists in plants?

Correct Answer
verified

If genetically engineered bees could express a receptor for TNT in their olfactory neurons, how would the bees respond to the presence of TNT?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements regarding vision is NOT true?

Correct Answer
verified

Which sensory modality responds to the broadest range of molecules?

Correct Answer
verified

Which correctly represents the sequence of steps involved to convey sensory information to the CNS?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the vertebrates senses is the least well understood?

Correct Answer
verified

In what order will you encounter the following structures if you examine the human ear from the outside inward?

Correct Answer
verified

Pain receptors are activated by tissue damage, but pain perception requires intact, functional neurons.How does this work?

Correct Answer
verified

Because small quantities of powerful explosives can be hidden easily, a sensor that could detect trace amounts of illicit chemicals would be a useful tool.What animal sensory modality is exquisitely sensitive to minute quantities of airborne chemicals?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 44: Sensory Systems

Which of the following stimuli do vertebrates NOT have a specialized receptor for?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following receptors does not trigger depolarization of a sensory neuron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is NOT a stimulus that interoceptors can sense?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the sensory structures that enable invertebrates to determine the orientation of the body with respect to gravity called?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Misexpression of the Pax6 gene was shown to promote eye development in both vertebrates and invertebrates.The authors of this study suggested that this was evidence that eyes evolved only once.What other evidence contradicts this view?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One patient at your audiology clinic has an actin defect, and another patient has a microtubule defect.How might these defects affect the function of their hair cells in hearing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After your eye exam, the optometrist breaks the bad news: "Your lens is a little too flat, and as a result it is focuses the image just in front of your retina." What kind of vision do you have?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is NOT a stimulus that the simplest sensory receptors, free nerve endings, will respond to?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Visual acuity is highest when an image is focused on what part of the retina?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the most likely hypothesis for the presence of TRP channel agonists in plants?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If genetically engineered bees could express a receptor for TNT in their olfactory neurons, how would the bees respond to the presence of TNT?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding vision is NOT true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which sensory modality responds to the broadest range of molecules?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which correctly represents the sequence of steps involved to convey sensory information to the CNS?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the vertebrates senses is the least well understood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In what order will you encounter the following structures if you examine the human ear from the outside inward?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pain receptors are activated by tissue damage, but pain perception requires intact, functional neurons.How does this work?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because small quantities of powerful explosives can be hidden easily, a sensor that could detect trace amounts of illicit chemicals would be a useful tool.What animal sensory modality is exquisitely sensitive to minute quantities of airborne chemicals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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