Question 1

A friend asks you to explain the difference between atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis.You say, "Well

Accepted Answer

A)  atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are nearly the same and usually occur after a stroke."
B)  atherosclerosis is a condition that results from having angina pectoris occurring in the arteries of the heart, while arteriosclerosis results from the accumulation of cholesterol deposits in the arteries."
C)  atherosclerosis is a condition that results from the accumulation of cholesterol deposits in the arteries, while arteriosclerosis results from too much calcium being deposited in the arteries."
D)  atherosclerosis is a condition that results from too much calcium being deposited in the arteries, while arteriosclerosis results from the accumulation of cholesterol deposits in the arteries."E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

The left ventricle in mammals is more muscular than the right ventricle because

Accepted Answer

A)  the right ventricle only pumps blood into the right atrium.
B)  the left ventricle has to pump blood throughout the body at high pressure.
C)  the left ventricle pumps more total blood than the right ventricle.
D)  the left ventricle is always contracting to maintain a systemic blood pressure.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

When submerged, frogs receive most of their O2 from capillaries within the skin.What structure would contain blood with the highest O2 concentration in a submerged frog, which is not able to breathe using its lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  left atrium
B)  ventricle
C)  right atrium
D)  pulmonary veinE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Myeloid stem cells give rise to all formed elements in the blood EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  lymphocytes.
B)  erythrocytes.
C)  basophils.
D)  monocytes.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Why is an open circulatory system less efficient than a closed circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic wastes cannot be removed from tissues in an open circulatory system.
B)  There is no heart to pump the blood in an open circulatory system.
C)  It is more difficult to quickly deliver O2 to specific tissues when needed with an open circulatory system.
D)  Open circulatory systems lack respiratory pigments that bind to oxygen.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C) C

Question 6

A bone marrow sample from Patient X has abnormally-low numbers of megakaryocytes.What body process would you expect to be impaired in Patient X?

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature regulation by vasoconstriction or vasodilation of superficial blood vessels
B)  blood clotting following injury to a blood vessel
C)  defense against foreign microorganisms
D)  transport of oxygenE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

The benefit provided by all hearts with two atria is

Accepted Answer

A)  not all the blood has to pass through both sides of the heart.
B)  there is an extra place to store blood when the animal is at rest.
C)  that there are two muscular regions for pumping blood out of the heart to different organs.
D)  that blood is pumped into body tissues at high pressure.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C) D

Question 8

The cells that normally lack a nucleus and have a relatively short life span in humans are

Accepted Answer

A)  eosinophils.
B)  lymphocytes.
C)  neutrophils.
D)  erythrocytes.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

What type of mollusk has a closed circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  clam
B)  snail
C)  squid
D)  slugE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 10

In birds and mammals, a vestige of the sinus venosus of the fish heart remains as the sinoatrial node, which serves as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  pacemaker.
B)  inhibitory node.
C)  diastole detector.
D)  site of erythropoiesis.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

What factor most limits a person's maximal increase in cardiac output during exercise?

Accepted Answer

A)  the rate at which cardiac muscle contracts
B)  the time it takes for electrical impulses to reach all parts of the heart
C)  the total amount of blood in an individual
D)  the time available to fill the heart chambers with blood as the heart rate increasesE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

What class of sensory receptors directly affects the activity of the cardiac center in the medulla oblongata?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory cells in the juxtaglomerular apparati of the kidneys
B)  blood glucose sensors in the pancreas
C)  blood pH chemoreceptors in the aortic and carotid bodies
D)  baroreceptors in the arch of the aorta and in the carotid arteriesE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Animals with closed circulatory systems are more successful than animals with open circulatory systems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 14

When you are upright, what is the primary mechanism that propels blood in your feet back to your inferior vena cava?

Accepted Answer

A)  recoil of elastic fibers in the walls of the leg veins
B)  contraction of the left ventricle of the heart
C)  contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the leg veins
D)  contraction of skeletal muscles in your legsE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Leukocytes (white blood cells)  account for about _______ of the cells in human blood.

Accepted Answer

A)  60%
B)  10%
C)  0.1%
D)  1%E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

As compared to the circulatory system of most fishes, the circulatory system of adult amphibians has the advantage of

Accepted Answer

A)  a four-chambered heart.
B)  complete separation between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
C)  partially-separate circuits for gas exchange and systemic delivery of blood.
D)  a pocket of the gut that serves as an air bladder.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 17

The blood pressure in your brachial artery is at its lowest during

Accepted Answer

A)  the time the aorta is maximally stretched.
B)  the diastolic period.
C)  exercise.
D)  the systolic period.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 18

In a vertebrate with a four-chambered heart, the structure(s)  containing blood with the highest O2 concentration is/are the _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  pulmonary arteries
B)  pulmonary veins
C)  right atrium
D)  inferior vena cavaE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

The loudest sounds a nurse hears while listening to a patient's heart through a stethoscope are caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  closing of the AV valves.
B)  opening of the semilunar valves.
C)  depolarization of the ventricles.
D)  contraction of the atria.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Edema is a result of increased interstitial fluid in various tissues of the body.All of the following are causes of edema EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  injury to a limb.
B)  liver disease.
C)  abnormally low blood pressure.
D)  pregnancy.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 49: The Circulatory System

A friend asks you to explain the difference between atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis.You say, "Well

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The left ventricle in mammals is more muscular than the right ventricle because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When submerged, frogs receive most of their O2 from capillaries within the skin.What structure would contain blood with the highest O2 concentration in a submerged frog, which is not able to breathe using its lungs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Myeloid stem cells give rise to all formed elements in the blood EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is an open circulatory system less efficient than a closed circulatory system?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

A bone marrow sample from Patient X has abnormally-low numbers of megakaryocytes.What body process would you expect to be impaired in Patient X?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The benefit provided by all hearts with two atria is

Correct AnswerverifiedD

The cells that normally lack a nucleus and have a relatively short life span in humans are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of mollusk has a closed circulatory system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In birds and mammals, a vestige of the sinus venosus of the fish heart remains as the sinoatrial node, which serves as a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What factor most limits a person's maximal increase in cardiac output during exercise?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What class of sensory receptors directly affects the activity of the cardiac center in the medulla oblongata?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Animals with closed circulatory systems are more successful than animals with open circulatory systems.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

When you are upright, what is the primary mechanism that propels blood in your feet back to your inferior vena cava?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Leukocytes (white blood cells) account for about _______ of the cells in human blood.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As compared to the circulatory system of most fishes, the circulatory system of adult amphibians has the advantage of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The blood pressure in your brachial artery is at its lowest during

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a vertebrate with a four-chambered heart, the structure(s) containing blood with the highest O2 concentration is/are the _______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The loudest sounds a nurse hears while listening to a patient's heart through a stethoscope are caused by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Edema is a result of increased interstitial fluid in various tissues of the body.All of the following are causes of edema EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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When submerged, frogs receive most of their O₂ from capillaries within the skin.What structure would contain blood with the highest O₂ concentration in a submerged frog, which is not able to breathe using its lungs?

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C

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D

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False

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In a vertebrate with a four-chambered heart, the structure(s) containing blood with the highest O₂ concentration is/are the _______________.

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