Question 1

Which of the following is an example of treatment process research?

Accepted Answer

A)   Examining the impact of Prozac on depression
B)   Determining how many therapy sessions it takes for most anxiety patients to feel better
C)   Examining the impact of Prozac on serotonin levels
D)   Determining which treatment reduces patients' anxiety in the fewest number of sessionsE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 2

A researcher studies the impact of stress on college students' exam scores. Whether the results of this study help us to understand the relationship between job performance and stress level of real-life organizational workers is a question of

Accepted Answer

A)   internal validity.
B)   study confounds.
C)   external validity.
D)   the original research hypothesis.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

At this point, we know much more about the of psychological disorders than the of psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

A)   genotype; phenotype
B)   phenotype; genotype
C)   behavioral causes; social influences
D)   social influences; behavioral causesE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

The research design most helpful in determining how individuals with particular disorders change over time is the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   longitudinal method
B)   cross-sectional design
C)   family study
D)   association studyE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 5

Brown and Finn (1982)  found that attitudes regarding alcohol were somewhat different for 12-year-olds, 15-year- olds, and 17-year-olds. All measures were taken during the same year from children of different ages. This type of research is an example of the research method called .

Accepted Answer

A)   longitudinal
B)   cross-sectional
C)   experimental
D)   case-studyE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

A researcher is studying how anxiety tends to be experienced by people of different ages. The researcher interviews depressed adolescents, young adults, individuals in their 30s and 50s, and those over 70. The individuals in each age group represent a .

Accepted Answer

A)   treatment group
B)   control group
C)   longitudinal group
D)   cohortE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

In a sequential study and designs are combined.

Accepted Answer

A)   cross-sectional; longitudinal
B)   case study; experimental
C)   cross cultural; individual
D)   internal; externalE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Your friend has trouble making commitments in relationships. You believe that this is because her parents had a bitter divorce when she was young. Your belief that a child who lives through a bitter parental divorce will have trouble making commitments in relationships as an adult would be considered a(n)  .

Accepted Answer

A)   hypothesis
B)   independent variable
C)   empirical conclusion
D)   applied theoryE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

When a control group is used in experimental research, the members of the control group will be treated exactly the same as the

Accepted Answer

A)   treatment group except that they will be exposed to the independent variable.
B)   treatment group in every way.
C)   control group in any other psychology study.
D)   treatment group except that they will not be exposed to the independent variable.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 10

One of the problems in trying to understand how psychopathology may be "caused" by cultural influences is that similarities in the way individuals of a culture experience psychopathology

Accepted Answer

A)   are confounded by the cross-cultural methods used to study psychopathology.
B)   may be due to the culture or to common genetic factors.
C)   cannot be understood by those outside of the culture.
D)   generally do not exist.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

In cross-cultural research, the independent or treatment variable is generally the .

Accepted Answer

A)   culture
B)   disorder
C)   method used to treat the disorder
D)   success of the treatmentE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 12

An association study of the genetic influences of psychopathology compares people with and without a specific disorder in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)   shared environments.
B)   inherited characteristics other than the disorder.
C)   family history.
D)   inherited tendencies to behave in a specific manner.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 13

It can be important to use a double-blind procedure in a research study to prevent the

Accepted Answer

A)   independent variable from influencing the dependent variable.
B)   researcher's expectations from biasing the outcome.
C)   participants' expectations from biasing the expectations of the researcher.
D)   both b and cE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Which of the following patterns is typical for a disorder that is influenced by genetics?

Accepted Answer

A)   Siblings of the person with the disorder are more likely to have the disorder than cousins, and cousins are just as likely to have the disorder as the general public.
B)   Siblings of the person with the disorder will almost always have the same or similar disorders, and cousins are more likely than the general public to have disorders.
C)   Siblings of the person with the disorder are more likely than cousins to have the disorder, and cousins are more likely to have the disorder than the general public.
D)   Siblings will almost always have the same or similar disorders, though cousins may have a similar rate of the disorder as the general public.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

A child is having temper tantrums at home, at school, and at his grandparents' house. After working with the parents for a while, the therapist believes that the child is being rewarded for his tantrums in each setting because his teacher, parents, and grandparents generally give him what he wants just to make him stop yelling. The therapist devises a plan to stop his tantrums but first implements the plan at home, then the following week at school, and finally at the grandparents' home several weeks later. From a research perspective, this is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   withdrawal method.
B)   multiple baseline.
C)   placebo control.
D)   external validity.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE with regard to deception of research participants?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is not allowed under any circumstances.
B)   The researcher must tell the participants about the deception after the study.
C)   The researcher must obtain approval of the procedure from a special national review board.
D)   The researcher need only tell the participants about the deception if not telling them would place the participants in any harm.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

In research, the term "clinical significance" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   whether the effects observed in the study are due to chance.
B)   the external validity of the study.
C)   whether the treatment was meaningful for those affected.
D)   randomization of the sampling procedure.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

In family studies, scientists simply examine a behavioral pattern or emotional trait in the context of the family. The member with the trait singled out for study is called the .

Accepted Answer

A)   sibling
B)   prototype
C)   genetic marker
D)   probandE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Family, twin, and adoption studies can identify all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   whether a particular form of psychopathology is influenced by genes.
B)   whether a particular form of psychopathology is influenced by the environment.
C)   identification and location of a gene associated with psychopathology.
D)   approximate degree of influence of genetics for a specific psychological disorder.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 20

The correlation between the amount of time a college student studies and the student's height in inches is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive
B)   negative
C)   zero
D)   causalE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Exam 4: Research Methods

A researcher studies the impact of stress on college students' exam scores. Whether the results of this study help us to understand the relationship between job performance and stress level of real-life organizational workers is a question of

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an example of treatment process research?

Correct Answer
verified

In cross-cultural research, the independent or treatment variable is generally the .

Correct Answer
verified

In research, the term "clinical significance" refers to

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following patterns is typical for a disorder that is influenced by genetics?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The research design most helpful in determining how individuals with particular disorders change over time is the __________.

Correct Answer
verified

In a sequential study and designs are combined.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

An association study of the genetic influences of psychopathology compares people with and without a specific disorder in terms of

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is TRUE with regard to deception of research participants?

Correct Answer
verified

The correlation between the amount of time a college student studies and the student's height in inches is ________.

Correct Answer
verified

In family studies, scientists simply examine a behavioral pattern or emotional trait in the context of the family. The member with the trait singled out for study is called the .

Correct Answer
verified

Family, twin, and adoption studies can identify all of the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

Brown and Finn (1982) found that attitudes regarding alcohol were somewhat different for 12-year-olds, 15-year- olds, and 17-year-olds. All measures were taken during the same year from children of different ages. This type of research is an example of the research method called .

Correct Answer
verified

A researcher is studying how anxiety tends to be experienced by people of different ages. The researcher interviews depressed adolescents, young adults, individuals in their 30s and 50s, and those over 70. The individuals in each age group represent a .

Correct Answer
verified

One of the problems in trying to understand how psychopathology may be "caused" by cultural influences is that similarities in the way individuals of a culture experience psychopathology

Correct Answer
verified

When a control group is used in experimental research, the members of the control group will be treated exactly the same as the

Correct Answer
verified

It can be important to use a double-blind procedure in a research study to prevent the

Correct Answer
verified

At this point, we know much more about the of psychological disorders than the of psychological disorders.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Research Methods

A researcher studies the impact of stress on college students' exam scores. Whether the results of this study help us to understand the relationship between job performance and stress level of real-life organizational workers is a question of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of treatment process research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In cross-cultural research, the independent or treatment variable is generally the .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In research, the term "clinical significance" refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following patterns is typical for a disorder that is influenced by genetics?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The research design most helpful in determining how individuals with particular disorders change over time is the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a sequential study and designs are combined.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An association study of the genetic influences of psychopathology compares people with and without a specific disorder in terms of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is TRUE with regard to deception of research participants?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The correlation between the amount of time a college student studies and the student's height in inches is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In family studies, scientists simply examine a behavioral pattern or emotional trait in the context of the family. The member with the trait singled out for study is called the .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Family, twin, and adoption studies can identify all of the following EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Brown and Finn (1982) found that attitudes regarding alcohol were somewhat different for 12-year-olds, 15-year- olds, and 17-year-olds. All measures were taken during the same year from children of different ages. This type of research is an example of the research method called .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher is studying how anxiety tends to be experienced by people of different ages. The researcher interviews depressed adolescents, young adults, individuals in their 30s and 50s, and those over 70. The individuals in each age group represent a .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the problems in trying to understand how psychopathology may be "caused" by cultural influences is that similarities in the way individuals of a culture experience psychopathology

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a control group is used in experimental research, the members of the control group will be treated exactly the same as the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It can be important to use a double-blind procedure in a research study to prevent the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At this point, we know much more about the of psychological disorders than the of psychological disorders.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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