Question 1

The figure shows the evolution of HIV and SIV.Choose the true statements about the evolution of HIV (Select all that apply) .

Accepted Answer

A)  All strains of HIV are included within clades with SIV strains.
B)  A strain of HIV is never more closely related to another strain of HIV than it is to a SIV strain.
C)  Humans acquired different subtypes of HIV from different primate hosts.
D)  HIV-1 group O is more closely related to SIV-chimpanzee than SIV-gorilla.
E)  All strains of SIV are included within clades with HIV strains.F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 2

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  4 and 5
B)  2 and 4
C)  1 and 4
D)  3 and 4
E)  2 and 5F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 3

The common ancestor shared by mouse and gorilla is at point ________ on the phylogeny shown.

Accepted Answer

A)  A
B)  B
C)  C
D)  D
E)  EF) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 4

A ________ group consists of the most recent common ancestor and some of its descendants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ group consists of the most...

Question 5

-Consider the cladogram shown.Based on this cladogram,which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states (pleisiomorphies) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  1
B)  2
C)  3
D)  4
E)  5F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 6

Birds,snakes,lizards,turtles,and crocodiles are all thought to share a common ancestor and several homologous traits.Assuming that this is true,these groups of animals and their common ancestor would represent

Accepted Answer

A)  a polyphyletic group.
B)  a monophyletic group.
C)  homoplastic convergence.
D)  an outgroup.
E)  a species cluster.F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 7

Based on the phylogeny shown,choose the true statement about evolutionary relationships.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ginkgo is more closely related to oak than rose.
B)  Oak is equally related to rose and pine.
C)  Fern is more closely related to pine than to rose.
D)  Fern is equally related to ginkgo and oak.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 8

A phylogenetically-based taxonomy is important not only in creating a logical way to name organisms,but also in learning about ________ of organisms using information in related species.Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  physiology
B)  behavior
C)  development
D)  morphologyE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states (pleisiomorphies) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  1
B)  2
C)  3
D)  4
E)  5F) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 10

A group is considered monophyletic if

Accepted Answer

A)  all members of the group share a common ancestor that is included in the group.
B)  not all descendants of the common ancestor are included.
C)  all members share homoplastic traits.
D)  the group does not contain the most recent common ancestor.
E)  it is the most parsimonious grouping.F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 11

Choose the true statements about the evolution of larval dispersal in marine snails.

Accepted Answer

A)  The evolution of non-dispersing snails is likely to hinder speciation.
B)  Clades of non-dispersing snails are less species rich than those of dispersing snails.
C)  Loss of structures in the transition from dispersing to non-dispersing may inhibit evolutionary reversal.
D)  Possession of dispersing larvae is the ancestral state in snails.
E)  Cladistics shows that there are more instances of the transition from dispersing to non-dispersing larvae than the reverse.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 12

The study and reconstruction of phylogenies is

Accepted Answer

A)  evolution.
B)  systematics.
C)  taxonomy.
D)  taxidermy.
E)  cladistics.F) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 13

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which trait is least informative of phylogenetic relationships within the group?

Accepted Answer

A)  A
B)  B
C)  C
D)  D
E)  EF) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

Question 14

-Consider the cladogram shown.If we designate species 1 as the outgroup,which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states (pleisiomorphies) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  2
B)  3
C)  4
D)  5
E)  6F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 15

One day after a biology class four of your friends argue about the difference between phylogeny and systematics.Which friend is right?

Accepted Answer

A)  Friend A states that systematics and phylogenies are really the same,one is more recent than the other,but basically they are the same.
B)  Friend B says that systematics is the same as cladistics and cladistics is reconstructing clades,which ultimately lead to the development of phylogenies.
C)  Friend C argues that systematics is the actual collecting and cataloguing of specimens into museums that can be used later by scientists to construct clades and phylogenies.
D)  Friend D says that the way she remembers is that systematics is the reconstruction and study of phylogenies.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

Characteristics that have arisen in organisms as a result of common evolutionary descent are said to be ________ characteristics.

Accepted Answer

A)  homologous
B)  homoplastic
C)  adaptive
D)  derived
E)  ancestralF) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 17

The evolutionary sequence in the development of a complex character can be best analyzed through

Accepted Answer

A)  homoplasies.
B)  phylogenetics.
C)  taxonomy.
D)  classification.
E)  synapomorphies.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 18

-A frog should be added to the phylogeny above at point

Accepted Answer

A)  A.
B)  B.
C)  C.
D)  D.
E)  E.F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 19

Phenotypic similarity does not always reflect evolutionary relationships due to

Accepted Answer

A)  variation in rates of evolutionary change among species.
B)  homoplasy.
C)  convergent evolution.
D)  outgrouping.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Derived character states shared by clade members are called

Accepted Answer

A)  ancestral traits.
B)  homoplasies.
C)  synapomorphies.
D)  plesiomorphies.
E)  symplesiomorphies.F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

Exam 23: Systematics,phylogenies,and Comparative Biology

Phenotypic similarity does not always reflect evolutionary relationships due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Characteristics that have arisen in organisms as a result of common evolutionary descent are said to be ________ characteristics.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The study and reconstruction of phylogenies is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A phylogenetically-based taxonomy is important not only in creating a logical way to name organisms,but also in learning about ________ of organisms using information in related species.Check all that apply.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-A frog should be added to the phylogeny above at point

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the phylogeny shown,choose the true statement about evolutionary relationships.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Birds,snakes,lizards,turtles,and crocodiles are all thought to share a common ancestor and several homologous traits.Assuming that this is true,these groups of animals and their common ancestor would represent

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A group is considered monophyletic if

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The evolutionary sequence in the development of a complex character can be best analyzed through

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Choose the true statements about the evolution of larval dispersal in marine snails.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-Consider the cladogram shown.If we designate species 1 as the outgroup,which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states (pleisiomorphies) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One day after a biology class four of your friends argue about the difference between phylogeny and systematics.Which friend is right?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-Consider the cladogram shown.Based on this cladogram,which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states (pleisiomorphies) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The common ancestor shared by mouse and gorilla is at point ________ on the phylogeny shown.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Derived character states shared by clade members are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states (pleisiomorphies) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which trait is least informative of phylogenetic relationships within the group?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A ________ group consists of the most recent common ancestor and some of its descendants.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The figure shows the evolution of HIV and SIV.Choose the true statements about the evolution of HIV (Select all that apply) .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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