Question 1

Choose the true statements about orthologs and paralogs.

Accepted Answer

A)  Orthologs are likely to have the same function.
B)  Both orthologs and paralogs result from gene duplication.
C)  The sequence of an ortholog is more likely to be conserved than the sequence of a paraloge.
D)  Paralogs are more likely to be pseudogenes than are orthologs.
E)  Paralogs often evolve new functions.F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 2

Petrels (a flying and diving seabird) are thought to be one of the closest living relatives to penguins.What type of genes would be most likely to exhibit different expression patterns between these species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genes controlling skeletal development.
B)  Genes regulating the digestive tract.
C)  Genes regulating salt water tolerance.
D)  Genes controlling organ development.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Crop sunflowers are attacked by many fungal pathogens,such as downy mildew and Sclerotinia,resulting in economic losses of millions of dollars per year.What genes would be best to target for the development of new fungus-killing crop treatments (fungicides) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genes encoding chitin proteins that are shared by downy mildew and Sclerotinia,but absent in sunflower and humans.
B)  Genes encoding growth proteins that are shared by downy mildew,Sclerotinia,and sunflower,but absent in humans.
C)  Genes encoding metabolite proteins that are shared by downy mildew,Sclerotinia,and humans,but absent in sunflower.
D)  Genes encoding basic development proteins that are shared by downy mildew,Sclerotinia,sunflower,and humans.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 4

In plants,________ induces elimination of duplicated genes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In plants,________ induces elimination of duplicated genes....

Question 5

Genome sequencing of our human ancestor,Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) ,revealed that Neanderthals have a FOXP2 gene with the same two amino acid changes observed in H.sapiens FOXP2.What can be concluded based on this finding? (Check all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  Neanderthals evolved from H.sapiens.
B)  H.sapiens evolved from Neanderthals.
C)  Neanderthals may have had the ability to use language.
D)  These two amino acid changes arose prior to the common ancestor of Neanderthals and H.sapiens.
E)  Verbal speech was impossible for Neanderthals.F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 6

One of the unexpected findings to occur in comparing mouse and human genomes is

Accepted Answer

A)  that "junk" DNA may be more functional than we assumed.
B)  how incredibly different they are.
C)  that there is far more "junk" DNA than we ever thought.
D)  how similar some gene families are to their original transposons.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 7

If a gene is found in different groups,it is said to be

Accepted Answer

A)  active.
B)  variable.
C)  conserved.
D)  associational.
E)  endogenous.F) None of the above
G) All of the above

Question 8

Duplication of individual chromosomes instead of whole genomes can occur by ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Duplication of individual chromosomes instead of whole...

Question 9

Choose the true statement about synteny.

Accepted Answer

A)  Synteny refers to the conservation of gene order along chromosomes.
B)  Synteny refers to the constancy of chromosome numbers in related clades.
C)  Synteny results from polyploidization events.
D)  Synteny refers to the rearrangement of gene order due to inversions.
E)  Synteny is only observed in closely related clades.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 10

Choose the true statements about the human and tiger pufferfish genomes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Genes regulating the basic cellular metabolism are conserved in both human and pufferfish genomes.
B)  About 25% of the human genes have no counterpart in the pufferfish genome.
C)  Being ancestral to humans,the pufferfish genome has more repetitive DNA than the human genome does.
D)  The pufferfish genome has twice the amount of DNA as the human genome does.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

The best explanation for why a mouse develops into a mouse and not a human is

Accepted Answer

A)  most of the coding genes are different.
B)  most of the non-coding genes are different.
C)  gene expression differs.
D)  the genes are mostly the same but have been rearranged.
E)  synteny has not been conserved.F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 12

Genome sequencing of the parasitic protist Plasmodium falciparum has been completed.One of the results is

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasmodium is highly genetically similar to its host,Anopheles.
B)  Plasmodium is highly genetically similar to its host,Drosophila.
C)  Plasmodium has a chloroplast-like apicoplast that could be targeted by drugs.
D)  Plasmodium produces fatty acids that are similar to ones found in humans and could be targeted by drugs.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 13

One of the reasons that pufferfish are a good species to compare to humans is because

Accepted Answer

A)  it is so easy to hybridize the two and investigate the consequences.
B)  they are so distantly related that it's easy to distinguish mutually conserved sequences.
C)  the introns are often identical.
D)  of the rapid response time in pufferfish to artificial selection.
E)  they have been separated for so many millions of years and yet the gene sequence is almost identical.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 14

The best explanation for the phenotypic differences between humans and chimps despite the great similarities in their gene-coding sequences is

Accepted Answer

A)  the vast differences in exons between their genomes.
B)  the vast differences in the introns between their genomes.
C)  the "junk" DNA of humans contains important sequences not present in chimps.
D)  differences in gene expression between species.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 15

One of the ways that two species can be compared,and information about the genetic basis of human diseases extracted,is by using their sequenced genomes and

Accepted Answer

A)  looking at the allelic differences.
B)  investigating the introns.
C)  looking at the conserved sequences.
D)  exchanging genomic information between them.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Choose the correct sequence of events involving allopolyploidy that gave rise to modern tobacco.

Accepted Answer

A)  hybridization,chromosome doubling,duplicate gene loss
B)  hybridization,duplicate gene loss,chromosome doubling
C)  chromosome doubling,hybridization,duplicate gene loss
D)  duplicate gene loss,hybridization,chromosome doublingE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

What type of genes would be most likely to exhibit different expression patterns between humans and non-human primates,such as gorillas?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genes controlling brain development
B)  Genes controlling mammary gland development
C)  Genes controlling lung development
D)  Genes controlling heart developmentE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Plant species regularly hybridize in nature,but only some crosses result in new polyploid species.Of the crosses below,if each one occurred,which would be most likely to result in a new stable polyploid species?

Accepted Answer

A)  A cross between a 2n gamete and a 1n gamete,forming a 3n hybrid.
B)  A cross between a 4n gamete and a 1n gamete,forming a 5n hybrid.
C)  A cross between a species with a CC genome and a species with a DD genome,forming a hybrid with a CD genome.
D)  A cross between a species with a BB genome and a species with a DD genome,followed by a doubling of chromosomes,forming a hybrid with a BBDD genome.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 19

Hox genes are a family of transcription factors that regulate development throughout the animal kingdom.Studies of Hox genes in mice and Drosophila showed that many Hox genes are conserved between both species,and several Hox genes duplicated into new genes with novel functions within mice.Some Hox genes have even lost all function.Hox genes provide an example of which of the following? Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  orthologs
B)  paralogs
C)  heterologues
D)  pseudogenesE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Many retroviral-like transposons found in the human genome may have been transferred from viruses to mammals via ________ gene transfer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many retroviral-like transposons found in the human...

Exam 24: Genome Evolution

Genome sequencing of the parasitic protist Plasmodium falciparum has been completed.One of the results is

Correct Answer
verified

Choose the true statement about synteny.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Crop sunflowers are attacked by many fungal pathogens,such as downy mildew and Sclerotinia,resulting in economic losses of millions of dollars per year.What genes would be best to target for the development of new fungus-killing crop treatments (fungicides) ?

Correct Answer
verified

Choose the true statements about the human and tiger pufferfish genomes.

Correct Answer
verified

Duplication of individual chromosomes instead of whole genomes can occur by ________.

Correct Answer
verified

One of the ways that two species can be compared,and information about the genetic basis of human diseases extracted,is by using their sequenced genomes and

Correct Answer
verified

Plant species regularly hybridize in nature,but only some crosses result in new polyploid species.Of the crosses below,if each one occurred,which would be most likely to result in a new stable polyploid species?

Correct Answer
verified

The best explanation for why a mouse develops into a mouse and not a human is

Correct Answer
verified

In plants,________ induces elimination of duplicated genes.

Correct Answer
verified

What type of genes would be most likely to exhibit different expression patterns between humans and non-human primates,such as gorillas?

Correct Answer
verified

One of the reasons that pufferfish are a good species to compare to humans is because

Correct Answer
verified

Petrels (a flying and diving seabird) are thought to be one of the closest living relatives to penguins.What type of genes would be most likely to exhibit different expression patterns between these species?

Correct Answer
verified

If a gene is found in different groups,it is said to be

Correct Answer
verified

Many retroviral-like transposons found in the human genome may have been transferred from viruses to mammals via ________ gene transfer.

Correct Answer
verified

The best explanation for the phenotypic differences between humans and chimps despite the great similarities in their gene-coding sequences is

Correct Answer
verified

Choose the true statements about orthologs and paralogs.

Correct Answer
verified

Choose the correct sequence of events involving allopolyploidy that gave rise to modern tobacco.

Correct Answer
verified

One of the unexpected findings to occur in comparing mouse and human genomes is

Correct Answer
verified

Genome sequencing of our human ancestor,Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) ,revealed that Neanderthals have a FOXP2 gene with the same two amino acid changes observed in H.sapiens FOXP2.What can be concluded based on this finding? (Check all that apply)

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 24: Genome Evolution

Genome sequencing of the parasitic protist Plasmodium falciparum has been completed.One of the results is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Choose the true statement about synteny.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Crop sunflowers are attacked by many fungal pathogens,such as downy mildew and Sclerotinia,resulting in economic losses of millions of dollars per year.What genes would be best to target for the development of new fungus-killing crop treatments (fungicides) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Choose the true statements about the human and tiger pufferfish genomes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Duplication of individual chromosomes instead of whole genomes can occur by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the ways that two species can be compared,and information about the genetic basis of human diseases extracted,is by using their sequenced genomes and

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plant species regularly hybridize in nature,but only some crosses result in new polyploid species.Of the crosses below,if each one occurred,which would be most likely to result in a new stable polyploid species?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The best explanation for why a mouse develops into a mouse and not a human is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In plants,________ induces elimination of duplicated genes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of genes would be most likely to exhibit different expression patterns between humans and non-human primates,such as gorillas?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the reasons that pufferfish are a good species to compare to humans is because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Petrels (a flying and diving seabird) are thought to be one of the closest living relatives to penguins.What type of genes would be most likely to exhibit different expression patterns between these species?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a gene is found in different groups,it is said to be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many retroviral-like transposons found in the human genome may have been transferred from viruses to mammals via ________ gene transfer.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The best explanation for the phenotypic differences between humans and chimps despite the great similarities in their gene-coding sequences is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Choose the true statements about orthologs and paralogs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Choose the correct sequence of events involving allopolyploidy that gave rise to modern tobacco.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the unexpected findings to occur in comparing mouse and human genomes is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Genome sequencing of our human ancestor,Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) ,revealed that Neanderthals have a FOXP2 gene with the same two amino acid changes observed in H.sapiens FOXP2.What can be concluded based on this finding? (Check all that apply)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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