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Exam 2: The Self in a Social World

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Question 51

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Barbara was really shocked when her candidate was not elected.She had assumed that everyone felt as she did and supported her candidate's ideas.This is an example of:

A) the false consensus effect.
B) the self-serving bias.
C) unrealistic optimism.
D) defensive pessimism.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Question 52

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Carmen was assigned a term paper at the start of her Social Psychology class.She figured it would only take two days to write the paper,so she did not start it until two days before it was due.Halfway through the second day,Carmen was devastated;she wasn't even halfway done yet! Carmen's underestimation of how long it would take her to complete her paper is an example of:

A) planning fallacy.
B) self-handicapping.
C) defensive pessimism.
D) learned helplessness.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Question 53

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What is self-efficacy,and how is it different from self-esteem?

Kitayama and Markus (2000) found that for American students happiness comes with feeling:

Identify the true statement about self-monitoring.

Santiago,a Hispanic immigrant,has been living in the United States for 20 years.After he learns he has Stage 4 lung cancer,he asks his children to uphold their customs and traditions.He also starts speaking exclusively in Spanish to reinforce his cultural identity,which in turn increases his self-esteem.According to Jeff Greenberg, Which of the following theories best describes Santiago's change in behavior?

Kadri wants to impress her teacher by behaving well at her college monthly convention.She tries to create a positive image of herself among her friends and teachers.This is an example of ________.

Sarah feels a lump in her throat and numbness in her hands and feet when she has to speak in front of an audience.In the context of the dual attitude system of human behavior,she is referring to her:

In the context of the varying political views and regions across a country,liberals tend to be economic ________ ("let's pass universal health care") and moral ________ ("keep your laws off my body") .

In the first half of a soccer match,Giorgia,the goalkeeper of a soccer team,saves three goals.She believes that her agility and hard work have helped her achieve this.However,during the second half of the match,she fails to save a goal,which causes her team to lose the match.Later,she reports that she could not save the final goal because of her shoulder injury and her team would have won the match if she were in perfect health. In this scenario,Giorgia's behavior exemplifies a phenomenon called:

You notice that your niece is unusually persistent when working on her homework.She rarely claims that she is unable to complete an assignment and is academically successful.You would be correct in speculating that she likely has strong feelings of:

Jack is very nervous about meeting his future in-laws for the first time.On the day they arrive at his home to meet him,he greets them in ripped sweatpants and a stained T-shirt.Later,his fiancé tells him that her parents were unimpressed with him.Which of the following best describes Jack's behavior?

A sense that one is competent and effective refers to one's:

Lucy does not wear a helmet when riding her motorcycle.She believes that she is less vulnerable to road accidents than others are.In the context of self-serving bias,this scenario exemplifies the concept of:

People are prone to "impact bias," or ________ the enduring impact of emotion-causing events.

Persons from Western cultures (e.g. ,the United States,England) relative to persons from Eastern cultures (e.g. ,China,Korea) tend to:

In the context of self-serving bias,which of the following statements represents the concept of self-serving attributions?

Give an example of self-monitoring and the effects of being high or low in self-monitoring.

In contrast to individualistic cultures,self-esteem in collectivist cultures is more likely to be ________.

Amelia feels awkward as she thinks her classmates can see the joy on her face even before her teacher can announce to the class about Amelia winning the "best speaker" competition.She is convinced that everyone knows how happy she feels.This is an example of: