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In the context of culture change and world violence,the United States practices the death penalty for ________.


A) witchcraft
B) homicide
C) counterfeiting
D) horse theft

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Increased aggressive behaviors are predicted by all of the following EXCEPT:


A) the presence of weapons.
B) anonymity.
C) silent sulking.
D) group interaction.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Martina is an adolescent.Her friends do not include her in birthday parties and get-togethers.They make fun of her and verbally abuse her because she is overweight.Martina feels depressed and offended and contemplates suicide.In the context of psychology,this scenario exemplifies ________.


A) the overjustification effect
B) the Cassandra phenomenon
C) backward conditioning
D) social aggression

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Most terrorism is ________ aggression.


A) manipulative
B) duplicitous
C) hostile
D) instrumental

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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In both laboratory and everyday worlds,increased aggression is predicted by ________.


A) being weaponless
B) conspicuousness
C) being female
D) provocation

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is NOT one of the effects of playing violent video games?


A) increased interest in drugs and alcohol
B) increased aggressive thinking
C) increased antisocial behavior
D) decreased empathy for others

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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According to Gentile and Anderson (2003) ,"The scientific debate of whether television or movie violence has an effect ________."


A) has just begun
B) is an up-and-coming topic of inquiry
C) is basically over
D) is debatable

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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In view of research on the pain-attack response,Berkowitz (1983,1989,1998) proposed that ________ is the basic trigger of hostile aggression.


A) aversive stimulation
B) a neural impulse
C) frustration
D) rage

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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________ are culturally provided mental instructions for how to act in various situations.


A) Social scripts
B) Prosocial behaviors
C) Heuristics
D) Altered perceptions

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following actions is an example of instrumental aggression?


A) murdering a spouse for infidelity
B) suicidal terrorist bombings
C) gossiping about someone when you are angry with him or her
D) having a fist fight with someone for scratching your car

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Repeated exposure to erotic films that feature quick,uncommitted sex tends to:


A) increase attraction for one's partner.
B) increase men's perceiving women in sexual terms.
C) decrease acceptance of extramarital sex.
D) decrease acceptance of women's sexual submission to men.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Berkowitz and LePage (1967) found that frustrated men delivered more shocks when ________ than in other situations.


A) a rifle and a revolver were nearby
B) badminton racquets happened to be in the room
C) they had just received a shot that lowered their serotonin levels
D) they were initially depressed

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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According to Sivarajasingam et al.(2005) ,why might fans of winning teams more likely to commit postgame assaults than fans of losing teams?


A) testosterone surges plus celebration-related drinking
B) the interaction between temperament and testosterone
C) a decrease in frustration
D) the displacement of excitement and celebration-related drinking

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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According to Gentile and Anderson (2003) ,unlike viewing violent television,violent game playing has a more toxic effect because players ________.


A) passively watch violence for long durations of time
B) partly engage in enacting violence
C) are punished for violent acts
D) are engaged with continual violence and threats of attack

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Allan is a salesman at a local electronics store and receives an incentive for his performance.When customers arrive at the store,he accompanies them till they leave the store.He talks to them,shows them different equipment,and makes suggestions about accessories they may not have considered.Allan's behavior is best described as:


A) aggressive.
B) assertive.
C) hostile.
D) instrumental.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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In the context of the influences on aggression,people rely on social scripts when ________.


A) they wish to challenge cultural norms
B) they are uncertain how to act
C) they are in familiar situations
D) they face imaginary,not real-life,conflicts

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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In the context of the effects of media on aggression,one reason that television viewing affects behavior is that it:


A) evokes imitation.
B) lowers arousal.
C) has a catharsis effect.
D) distracts one from other activities.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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What percentage of abused children later abuse their own children?


A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Emma regularly watches violent television programs.In a particular scene in a soap opera,the protagonist accidentally spills water on the person seated next to him at the dinner table.After watching this scene,Emma concludes that the protagonist has done so intentionally.Whenever she hears words such as "shoot" and "target," she is reminded of killing someone.Emma has started recognizing aggressive words more quickly that she did earlier.In the context of psychology,this scenario illustrates ________.


A) catharsis
B) displacement
C) cognitive priming
D) relative deprivation

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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MacDonald et al.(2000) found that intoxicated people administered stronger shocks and felt angrier than did sober people during lab experiments when asked to think back on:


A) their physical shortcomings.
B) their grades in college.
C) relationship conflicts.
D) their families.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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