Question 1

If an experiment is internally valid,then one can infer that:

Accepted Answer

A)  manipulating the independent variable caused the changes in the dependent variable.
B)  the independent and dependent variables were correlated but not necessarily causally related.
C)  the variables were defined optimally in terms of validity.
D)  the same results would be obtained if we replicated the experiment in a different population.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 2

In a classic experiment,psychology students were assigned to work either with "bright" rats or with "dull" rats,described as such by the experimenter.In a task involving learning a maze,rats arbitrarily labelled as "bright" learned the maze faster than did rats arbitrarily labelled as "dull." The experimenter suspected that the psychology students with "bright" rats took the learning task more seriously,and this was reflected in their rats' performance.This finding illustrates how:

Accepted Answer

A)  expectations can influence observations.
B)  observations can influence measurement.
C)  expectations can influence reality.
D)  observations can influence reality.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 3

Which characteristic describes a normal distribution?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is symmetrical around a single peak in the middle.
B)  It has a peak at each end of the distribution.
C)  It is skewed to one side or the other.
D)  It resembles a straight line.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 4

A reliable measure is one that:

Accepted Answer

A)  tends to produce the same result whenever it is used to measure the same thing.
B)  tends to differentiate between accurate and inaccurate data.
C)  compensates for a weak operational definition of a property under study.
D)  is necessarily an accurate measure of an underlying property.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

A _____ correlation is associated with a less-is-more relationship.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative
B)  positive
C)  strong
D)  weakE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Use the following to answer questions 
-(Scenario I) Which statement is true given that variables A and B are significantly correlated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Variable A causes variable B OR variable B causes variable A.
B)  Knowing the score on variable A allows for an estimate of the score on variable B.
C)  There is no causal relationship between the two variables.
D)  A third variable cannot be responsible for the observed association.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Describing length as "change in the location of light over time" is an example of a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)  measurement device.
B)  casual observation.
C)  unit of measurement.
D)  operational definition.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Which statement describes a difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  A hypothesis establishes a general principle through experiments,whereas a theory is based on a specific observation that is limited to a single instance.
B)  A hypothesis explains a set of theories,whereas a theory explains a set of laws.
C)  A hypothesis is a falsifiable prediction made by a theory,whereas a theory is a hypothetical explanation of a natural phenomenon.
D)  A hypothesis needs to be proven to be true,whereas a theory is inherently true.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

A frequency distribution in which most measurements are concentrated around the mean and fall off towards the tails,and where the two sides of the distribution are symmetrical,is called a _____ distribution.

Accepted Answer

A)  normal
B)  positively skewed
C)  negatively skewed
D)  standardE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

A set of rules and techniques for observation is termed an empirical:

Accepted Answer

A)  theory.
B)  study.
C)  definition.
D)  method.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 11

The phrase "n = 1" means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the results are not statistically significant.
B)  there is a perfect correlation between two variables.
C)  there is only one participant in the study.
D)  there is only one independent variable.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Five extremely tall members of the university basketball team are among 30 students in an introductory psychology class.If a frequency distribution is taken of height,the distribution probably will be:

Accepted Answer

A)  normal.
B)  positively skewed.
C)  negatively skewed.
D)  bimodal.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

People are more critical of new evidence that is:

Accepted Answer

A)  consistent with common sense.
B)  consistent with their attitudes or beliefs.
C)  inconsistent with their attitudes or beliefs.
D)  presented using emotionally charged language.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

A correlation coefficient (r)can range from 0 to 100.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

An academic clinical psychologist uses Beck's Depression Inventory,a validated scale with scores ranging from 0 to 63,with higher scores indicating greater levels of depression,to measure depression levels in the population of 1,000 incoming freshmen students.She creates a frequency distribution of her findings.What should be displayed on the vertical axis?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of times each possible score occurred
B)  each possible score
C)  the mean of the 1,000 scores
D)  the categorical labels "Not Depressed" and "Depressed"E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

David engages in unethical research practices and changes the result of a statistical test from an otherwise ethically conducted study.David is engaged in:

Accepted Answer

A)  data fabrication.
B)  data falsification involving fudging the results.
C)  suppressing data inconsistent with the study's goals.
D)  willfully ignoring principles of beneficence and justness.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

A sample taken from a population is signified by a lowercase n.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

A frequency distribution graphically displays the:

Accepted Answer

A)  number of times each measurement occurs.
B)  probability of obtaining a particular measurement.
C)  rate at which a target behaviour occurs.
D)  average derived from a set of measurements.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

In an experiment,researchers exposed half of the participants to loud noise during a memory-encoding task.The room was quiet for the other half of the participants.Later,all participants were given a memory test and the number of correct items recalled was obtained for each participant.The participants who encoded information in the noisy room constitute the:

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variable.
B)  dependent variable.
C)  experimental group.
D)  control group.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

In an experiment,researchers exposed half of the participants to loud noise during a memory-encoding task.The room was quiet for the other half of the participants.Later,all participants were given a memory test and the number of correct items recalled was obtained for each participant.What is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of items recalled
B)  the noise level during the encoding task
C)  the time interval between encoding and recall
D)  the probability of being assigned to the two groupsE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Exam 2: Methods in Psychology

Correct Answer
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Which characteristic describes a normal distribution?

Correct Answer
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David engages in unethical research practices and changes the result of a statistical test from an otherwise ethically conducted study.David is engaged in:

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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A _____ correlation is associated with a less-is-more relationship.

Correct Answer
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A sample taken from a population is signified by a lowercase n.

Correct Answer
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A set of rules and techniques for observation is termed an empirical:

Correct Answer
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A correlation coefficient (r)can range from 0 to 100.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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The phrase "n = 1" means that:

Correct Answer
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Which statement describes a difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

Correct Answer
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People are more critical of new evidence that is:

Correct Answer
verified

Five extremely tall members of the university basketball team are among 30 students in an introductory psychology class.If a frequency distribution is taken of height,the distribution probably will be:

Correct Answer
verified

A frequency distribution in which most measurements are concentrated around the mean and fall off towards the tails,and where the two sides of the distribution are symmetrical,is called a _____ distribution.

Correct Answer
verified

Use the following to answer questions -(Scenario I) Which statement is true given that variables A and B are significantly correlated?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

If an experiment is internally valid,then one can infer that:

Correct Answer
verified

Describing length as "change in the location of light over time" is an example of a(n) :

Correct Answer
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A frequency distribution graphically displays the:

Correct Answer
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A reliable measure is one that:

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: Methods in Psychology

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which characteristic describes a normal distribution?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

David engages in unethical research practices and changes the result of a statistical test from an otherwise ethically conducted study.David is engaged in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A _____ correlation is associated with a less-is-more relationship.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A sample taken from a population is signified by a lowercase n.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A set of rules and techniques for observation is termed an empirical:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A correlation coefficient (r)can range from 0 to 100.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The phrase "n = 1" means that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement describes a difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People are more critical of new evidence that is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Five extremely tall members of the university basketball team are among 30 students in an introductory psychology class.If a frequency distribution is taken of height,the distribution probably will be:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A frequency distribution in which most measurements are concentrated around the mean and fall off towards the tails,and where the two sides of the distribution are symmetrical,is called a _____ distribution.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the following to answer questions -(Scenario I) Which statement is true given that variables A and B are significantly correlated?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If an experiment is internally valid,then one can infer that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describing length as "change in the location of light over time" is an example of a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A frequency distribution graphically displays the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A reliable measure is one that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Correct Answer
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