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Exam 5: Sensation and Perception

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Question 41

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How certain a person needs to feel before saying that a particular stimulus is present is referred to as the:

A) choice threshold.
B) certainty standard.
C) decision criterion.
D) uncertainty norm.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Question 42

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Which of the following was mentioned as an example of a participant characteristic that influences the decision criterion?

A) the rewards associated with correct decisions
B) the person's tendency to say "yes"
C) the costs associated with incorrect decisions
D) when the absolute threshold is changed from 50 percent correct identification to 75 percent correct

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Question 43

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___________ deafness occurs when there is damage to the mechanical structures that transmit sound waves to the cochlea.In many cases,it may be corrected with the use of a hearing aid.

Which of the following statements regarding pitch perception is true?

What is the difference between a monocular and binocular depth cue? Describe the two binocular depth cues and the following monocular cues: interposition,relative size,and motion parallax.

The Gestalt law of ___________ states that objects that are near one another are likely to be perceived as belonging together.

The two kinds of capabilities studied in psychophysics are:

One study found that when presented with a picture,North American and European participants perceived an object as being a window behind a woman,while East Africans interpreted the same object as a box or basket on top of the woman's head.This study was presented as an example of:

Our tendency to fill in an incomplete figure and perceive it as more complete than it actually is called the law of:

More recent research on colour transduction has indicated that the opponent-process theory of colour was inaccurate because opponent processes are actually determined NOT by the cones but by the:

What are the two complementary processes involved in attention? Describe the basic design of shadowing research and summarize what the results of such research have revealed about the nature of attention.

Terry enjoys riding his bike long distances.While riding along busy city streets,Terry must be aware of the vehicles that approach him and then pass him.With experience,Terry is now able to sense an approaching car 90% of the time.This sensitivity means Terry has a(n) ___________ threshold for vehicle detection.

One day you are driving home from school and you're rather hungry.As you drive along,it seems that you notice everything that has anything to do with food,such as restaurants,grocery stores,and billboards.This example best demonstrates the impact of _____________ on attention.

In _____________ processing,sensory information is interpreted relative to preexisting expectations,ideas,and knowledge.

Bottom-up processing occurs when individual stimulus units are taken by the nervous system and assembled into wholes.By contrast,when sensory stimuli are interpreted relative to preexisting knowledge or expectations then __________ processing occurs.

The Gestalt law that asserts that objects near one another are more likely to be perceived as belonging together is the Gestalt law of _____________.

The Muller-Lyer illusion occurs when a line appears longer when the V-shaped lines at its ends radiate outward.Cross cultural research on this illusion has found that:

Muir and Mitchell's studies of kittens raised in an environment with restricted visual stimulation showed that the early environment had permanently altered the kittens' visual abilities.

According to the opponent-process theory of colour,if you stare steadily at a black stimulus,when you close your eyes the afterimage will be:

One night on a family camping trip,Samantha was lying awake in her tent when all of a sudden,she saw a bright flash of light,so bright in fact,that it light up the entire inside of the tent.Then there was a loud rumble that seemed to shake the ground she was sleeping on.The light and the rumble are sensed by Samantha,and she __________ the phenomena as a thunderstorm.