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Julie is an avid mystery reader and her babysitter Tina has been borrowing some of her books over the summer.When Tina's birthday approaches,Julie wants to buy her a good mystery.When Julie was trying to recall her favorite mystery authors,she was engaged in


A) problem recognition.
B) an internal search.
C) an external search.
D) a purchase task.
E) the creation of an antecedent state.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Compare and contrast routine problem solving,limited problem solving,and extended problem solving.Give an example of when each might be used.

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There are three general variations in th...

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An attitude refers to


A) a person's consistent behaviors or responses to recurring situations.
B) the process by which an individual selects,organizes,and interprets information to create a meaningful picture of the world.
C) a consumer's subjective perception of how a product or brand performs on different attributes based on personal experience,advertising,and discussions with other people.
D) the feelings one has about the preferable modes of conduct that tend to persist over time.
E) a learned predisposition to respond to an object or class of objects in a consistently favorable or unfavorable way.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Firms such as General Electric (GE) ,Johnson & Johnson,Coca-Cola,and British Airways focus their attention on __________ to maximize customer satisfaction and retention in part by offering training to handle complaints,answer questions,and solve consumer problems.


A) value perception
B) postpurchase behavior
C) non-competitive pricing
D) comparison pricing
E) prepurchase behavior

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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Which of the following is a reason that marketing to Hispanics has proven to be a challenge?


A) The Hispanic subculture is diverse.
B) Hispanics don't consider advertising a credible source of product information.
C) Hispanics communities are spread out through the entire country and therefore difficult to target.
D) Hispanics prefer imports to American-made products; they tend to be ethnocentric in their product preferences.
E) Assimilation is valued and the Hispanic community finds cultural target marketing offensive.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Because the average consumer operates in a complex environment,the human brain attempts to organize and interpret information with a process referred to as


A) selective retention.
B) selective attention.
C) selective exposure.
D) selective perception.
E) stimulus discrimination.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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An Asian family whose relatives emigrated four generations ago has three children.The oldest son,George,is in medical school.Susan is a concert pianist at the age of 21.Fred is a second-year business student.This family is likely to exhibit which of the following Asian American buying patterns?


A) non-assimilated,yet celebrating their culture by purchasing authentic Asian goods
B) assimilated,exhibiting buying patterns very much like other typical American consumers
C) assimilated,yet celebrating their culture by seeking traditional Asian occupations
D) non-assimilated,because of the inherent diversity of Asian subcultures that transcends generations
E) non-assimilated,exhibiting buying patterns very much like other typical American consumers

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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VALS groups of consumers motivated by __________ are those who look for products and services that demonstrate success to their peers or to a peer group they aspire to.


A) ideals
B) achievement
C) self-expression
D) rewards
E) success

F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Customer satisfaction is an important focus for marketers because


A) marketing research is an expensive proposition; the fewer times it needs be done,the better.
B) the financial value of a satisfied,loyal customer over time can be significant.
C) consumers are unable to assess it by themselves.
D) attracting new customers is easier than keeping old ones.
E) a 50 percent improvement in customer retention can increase a company's profits by 5 percent.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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There are five stages in the consumer purchase decision process.The third stage is __________.


A) information search
B) purchase decision
C) alternative evaluation
D) opportunity testing
E) problem recognition

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Consumers with credit cards


A) are less influenced by physical surrounding than those who pay by cash or check.
B) are influenced to a certain extent by a retailer's physical surroundings to buy more with their credits cards than with cash.
C) purchase more than those who purchase with cash or debit cards.
D) purchase less than those who purchase with cash or debit cards.
E) purchase less when accompanied by children than when in the company of other adults.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Marketers use three approaches to try to change consumer attitudes toward products and brands: (1) __________; (2) changing the perceived importance of attributes; and (3) adding new attributes to the product.


A) reinforcing the consumers' sense of self confidence in making wise purchase decisions
B) actively educating consumers about the product's competitive advantages
C) refocusing a consumer's attention from one attribute to another
D) changing beliefs about the extent to which a brand has certain attributes
E) denigrating the attributes of competitors' products

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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When a response elicited by one stimulus is generalized to another stimulus,it is called


A) selective comprehension.
B) selective retention.
C) stimulus generalization.
D) stimulus discrimination.
E) routine problem solving.

F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

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The influencing of people during conversations is referred to as


A) opinion formations.
B) peer persuasion.
C) interpersonal gossip.
D) word of mouth.
E) consumer socialization.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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Ducti is a small company that manufacturers duct-tape wallets.Ducti founder,David Pippenger,discovered there is a large demand for the wallets and watches that Ducti sells.In fact,its product line has expanded to include bags as well.Advertising by Ducti that shows the tattered and worn wallets some consumers carry would be best used to encourage them to


A) experience problem recognition.
B) consult a public source of information.
C) consult a personal source of information.
D) make a purchase decision.
E) experience cognitive dissonance.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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In the VALS framework,self-expression-motivated consumers who have fewer resources and express themselves and experience the world by working on it,are referred to as __________.


A) Experiencers
B) Thinkers
C) Strivers
D) Believers
E) Makers

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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Situational influences refer to


A) the five aspects of the purchase situation that impact the consumer purchase decision process: purchase task,social surroundings,physical surroundings,temporal effects,and antecedent states.
B) the temporary impediments to a consumer's purchase decision.
C) psychological concepts that are useful for interpreting buying processes and directing marketing efforts.
D) the feelings of postpurchase anxiety that can arise from a number of different factors including social surroundings,physical surroundings,temporal effects,and antecedent states.
E) both the objective and subjective attributes a consumer uses to compare different products and brands.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following products is an example of a low-involvement purchase?


A) a Honda Civic automobile
B) a Trek bicycle
C) membership into a local country club
D) a vacation to Italy
E) Biolage shampoo

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Those needs which are basic to survival and which must be satisfied first are referred to as


A) physiological needs.
B) safety needs.
C) social needs.
D) personal needs.
E) self-actualization needs.

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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Five influences can have an impact on a consumer's purchase decision process,which are purchase task,social surroundings,physical surroundings,temporal effects,and antecedent states.These are referred to as


A) marketing mix influences.
B) situational influences.
C) psychological influences.
D) sociocultural influences.
E) evaluative criteria.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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