A) attitude
B) belief
C) value
D) motivation
E) perception
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A) competitive offerings
B) physical surroundings
C) core values
D) motivation
E) economic effects
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A) competitive offerings
B) core values
C) perception
D) consumer socialization
E) purchase task
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A) the aspects of a consumer's decision-making processes that cannot be measured.
B) the actions a person takes in purchasing and using products and services,including the mental and social processes that come before and after these actions.
C) the five stages a buyer passes through in making choices about which product and service to investigate,purchase,and consume.
D) the mental and social processes related to purchasing that are innate in a person from birth.
E) those purchasing behaviors that result from (1) repeated experience and (2) reasoning.
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A) purchase task
B) social surroundings
C) physical surroundings
D) temporal effects
E) antecedent states
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A) personality.
B) antecedent state.
C) motivation.
D) cognitive dissonance.
E) perception.
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A) Ideals.
B) Achievement.
C) Self-Expression.
D) Survivors.
E) Innovators.
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A) extended problem solving.
B) limited problem solving.
C) routine problem solving.
D) high-involvement problem solving.
E) personal problem solving.
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A) personal external source
B) public external source
C) market-dominated external source
D) internal search
E) market-dominated internal source
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Multiple Choice
A) the manufacturer is currently offering a $25 rebate.
B) you don't have the money now and don't get paid until Friday.
C) the product is on sale.
D) the store is closing in 10 minutes.
E) the retailer's return policy is very relaxed.
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A) problem recognition stage
B) information search stage
C) alternative evaluation stage
D) purchase decision stage
E) postpurchase stage
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Multiple Choice
A) African Americans spend more on products for women and girls,especially in terms of clothing.
B) There are significant differences between the buying patterns of African Americans and Caucasians of similar socioeconomic status.
C) African Americans are not price conscious but are strongly motivated by quality and choice.
D) Adult African Americans spend half as much on online services than Caucasians.
E) When socioeconomic status differences between African Americans and Caucasians are removed,there are more similarities than points of difference.
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A) parental guidance
B) peer pressure
C) opinion leadership
D) government regulation
E) psychographics
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A) physiological
B) safety
C) social
D) personal
E) self-actualization
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A) drive
B) cue
C) attitude
D) response
E) reinforcement
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A) angst.
B) the temporal state.
C) the dissociative state.
D) selective perception.
E) cognitive dissonance.
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A) teenagers
B) extended family members
C) paid help
D) children of any age
E) men
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Multiple Choice
A) feelings of guilt for purchasing a product or service that was not consistent with a consumer's moral or ethical beliefs.
B) feelings of discomfort associated with purchasing something purely for the sake of prestige.
C) the feeling of postpurchase psychological tension or anxiety consumers may experience when faced with two or more highly attractive alternatives.
D) feelings of discontent after a purchase has been made when the product fails to perform up to expectations.
E) feelings of discontent before a purchase has been made when the customer finds out that he or she paid more for the product than necessary.
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Multiple Choice
A) personality trait
B) persona
C) individualism
D) core value
E) ideal self
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Multiple Choice
A) Consumers are inspired by one of three primary motivations-ideals,achievement,and self-expression-that give meaning to their self or the world and govern their activities.
B) Consumers are motivated to buy products and services and seek experiences that give shape,substance,and satisfaction to their lives.
C) The VALS framework seeks to explain why and how consumers make purchase decisions.
D) The VALS framework identifies eight consumer segments.
E) A consumer's gender and age have a direct effect on placement within a VALS consumer segment.
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